AP Human Geography Khan Academy Summer Assignment
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Unit I: Geography and Its Perspectives
C. Geographical skills provide a foundation for analyzing world patterns and processes.
Use concepts such as space, place, and region to examine geographic issues.
Geographical issues include problems related to human– environmental interactions (e.g., sustainable agriculture); conflict and cooperation among countries (e.g., European Union); and planning and public-policy decision making (e.g., pronatalist policies).
o Expansion and Interconnection
Unit II. Population and Migration
A. Interpret and apply theories of population growth and decline the Demographic Transition Model may be used to explain population change over time and space.
_· Malthusian theory is used to analyze population change and its consequences
_· The epidemiologic transition explains causes of changing death rates.
Unit III. Cultural Patterns and Processes
A. Compare and contrast ethnic and universalizing religions and their geographic patterns.
· Ethnic religions (e.g., Hinduism, Judaism) are generally found near the hearth or spread through relocation diffusion.
· Universalizing religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Buddhism) are spread through expansion and relocation diffusion.
B. Explain how culture is expressed in landscapes and how land and resource use represents cultural identity.
· Cultural landscapes are amalgamations of physical features, agricultural and industrial practices, religious and linguistic characteristics, and other expressions of culture (e.g., architecture).
Unit V. Agriculture, Food Production, and Land Use
A. The development of agriculture led to widespread alteration of the natural environment.
Identify major centers of domestication of plants and animals and patterns of diffusion in the first (Neolithic) agricultural revolution.
Early hearths of domestication of plants and animals include Southwest Asia (e.g, the Fertile Crescent), Southeast Asia, and the Americas.
Patterns of diffusion (e.g., Columbian Exchange) resulted in the globalization of vaious plants and animals.
o Agriculture and Civilization
Unit VI. Industrialization and Economic Development
A. The Industrial Revolution, as it diffused from its hearth, facilitated improvements in standards of living.
B. Explain the role of the Industrial Revolution in the growth and diffusion of industrialization.
Industrialization began in response to new technologies and was facilitated by the availability of natural resources (e.g., water power, coal, iron ore).
The diffusion of industrialization led to growing populations and increased food supplies, which freed workers to seek industrial jobs in cities.
Increased industrialization led to demands for raw materials and the search for new markets and was a factor in the rise of colonialism and imperialism.
Explain social and economic measures of development.
· Measures of social and economic development include Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, sectoral structure of an economy, income distribution, fertility rates, infant mortality rates, access to health care, and literacy rates.