SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

The System is a word derived from the Greek word 'Systema' which means an organized relationship among components.

An Information system is an arrangement of people, data, processes, information presentation and information technology that interacts to support and improve day to day operations in business as well as support the problem solving and decision making needs of management and users.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SUCCESSFUL SYSTEM

The success of any depends on the approach of building it. If the development approach is right, the system will work successfully.

System Development Life Cycle

SDLC is a standard methodology for the development of an Information System.it mainly consists of four phases:

1. System Analysis,
2. System Design,
3. System Construction & Implementation,
4. System Support.

every phase consists of input, tasks and outputs.

System Development Life Cycle

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Preliminary Investigation

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Determination of system requirements

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Design of system

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Development of software

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System testing

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Implementation & evaluation

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System Analyst in Traditional Business

In the traditional business ,information service are centralized for the entire organization or for a specific location.In this organization, the staff of information service report directly to the chief executive officer(CEO).

and rest of information service are organized according to the following functions or areas:

• System Development: System Development unit includes a centre for excellence, which is a group of experts(like system analysis and designers) who establish and enforce methods, tools techniques and quality for all system development project.
• Data Administration: Data and other information Resources of the organization are managed. System analysts who are experts in data analysis can work here.
• Telecommunication: Here, computer network that play a critical role in the success of any business are designed, implemented and managed.
• End User Computer: Analyst also provides standards and consulting top end users that develop their own systems with PC power tools such as spreadsheets and PC database management systems,
• Computer Operations: all of the shared computer including mainframes, minicomputer and other computer are put to operation and the same is coordinated. System analysis may work as Capacity Analysts in this area.

System Analyst in Modern Business

In the modern business, system analyst may be reassigned to different project at time to time. during the project, the systems analyst and other team member are directly accountable to the business unit for which the system is being developed.In this type of organization, the information services try to get closer to users and management to improve service and value. Today's analysts should also know about a modern information services organization.

modern business have reorganized to be decentralized.

In the modern business, two new trends are used for software development:

• outsourcing
• consulting.

Outsourcing is the act of contracting an outside vender to assume responsibility for one or more IT function or services.

Consulting is the act of contracting with an outside vender to assume responsibility for a participate in one or more IT project.

Qualifications of a System analyst

• Working knowledge of information technology
• computer programming experience and expertise.
• General business knowledge.
• Problem solving skills
• communication skills
• Interpersonal skills
• Flexibility and adaptability
• Thorough knowledge of analysis and design methodologies.

Fact Finding Techniques

Normally, each and every business house or any organization has its own rules and procedures to run and manage it. When an system needs to be developed, the systems analyst needs to know the requirements of the system. Depending on these requirements, the system has to be developed.

• Interviews : two types of Interviews:

1. Structured (special set of questions to be asked to an interviewee)
2. Unstructured (interviews are conducted with only a general goal or subject in mind)

• Group Discussions
• Site Visits
• Presentations
• Questionnaires: two types of Questionnaires
  1. Free formed questionnaires
  2. fixed formed questionnaires

Feasibility Study

Feasible means practical, possible or plausible. A feasibility study is an analysis of a problem to determine if it can be solved effectively given the budgetary, operational, technical and schedule constraints in place.

Types of Feasibility Study:

• Technical Feasibility:-At this stage, the analyst has to see or identify the proposed technology, its maturity,its ability or scope of solving the problem.
• Operational Feasibility:- all about problems that may arise during operation, any operation work or not work.
• Economical Feasibility:- it is the measure of cost effectiveness of the project.
• Legal Feasibility:- its studies issues arising out of the need to the development of the system. The possible consideration might include copyright law,labour law, antitrust legislation, foreign trade, regulation etc.

CASE TOOLS

CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering

CASE is the use of computer-based support in software engineering process. The support could be of any type like managerial, technical or administrative on any part of the software development process. All the software that help in the process of software engineering can be termed as CASE tools.

CASE tools are also found in the common application development software.

USE OF CASE TOOLS BY ORGANIZATIONS:

• CASE tools help organization to standardize the development process.
• CASE tools to improve the speed and quality of system development.
• CASE tools to ease and improve testing process.
• CASE tools improve the quality and uniformity of documentation at various stages of SDLC.
• CASE tools makes the software easy to maintain and hence reduce the maintenance costs.

MAJOR ROLE OF CASE TOOLS

• Project management
• Data dictionary
• Code generation
• User interface design
• Schema generation
• Creation of meta-data for data warehouse
• Reverse engineering
• Re-engineering
• Document generation
• Version control
• OO analysis and design
• Software testing
• Data modeling
• Project scheduling
• Cost estimation