ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

OBJECTIVES:

1. To familiarize the students to understand the fundamentals of thermodynamics

and to perform thermal analysis on their behavior and performance.

(Use of Standard and approved Steam Table, Mollier Chart, Compressibility Chart and

Psychrometric Chart permitted)

OUTCOMES:

Ability to Analyse a given system applying laws of thermodynamics.

Ability to Apply concept of entropy to design effective thermal systems.

Ability to Determine steam quality using steam tables and Mollier chart.

Ability to Understand and analyse psychrometric processes

UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND ZEROTH LAW

Fundamental Concepts and Definitions: Concept of continuum, microscopic and macroscopic approach, system, control volume, dimensions and units, force, weight, State, path, process, isolated system, adiabatic system, thermodynamic equilibrium, illustrative problems, thermodynamic definition of work, different forms of work, path function, illustrative problems, Heat, temperature and zeroth law of thermodynamics, thermometry, illustrative problems

UNIT II FIRST AND SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

First law of thermodynamics – application to closed and open systems – steady and unsteady flow processes - application of SFEE for devices such as boiler, turbine, heat exchangers, pumps, nozzles, etc. Illustrative problems-Introduction to the second law of Thermodynamics, The Clausius inequality, Entropy, Principle of increase in entropy, T-dS relation. Availability – Second law analysis of Closed system, Second law analysis of steady–flow system, Irreversibility. Helmholtz and Gibbs functions:

UNIT III PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE

Behaviour of pure substance (steam) with reference to T-v, P-T, P-V, P-h & T-s diagrams, Triple and critical points, properties of steam, Quality of steam, its determination using throttling and separating-throttling calorimeters. Steam processes; expressions for the change in internal energy, enthalpy, work, heat, entropy in various processes, Mollier chart, Carnot cycle, Rankine cycle, modified Rankine cycle, illustrative problems.

UNIT IV AIR STANDARD CYCLES

Power cycles: Otto, Diesel, Dual Combustion cycles., Sterling Cycle, Atkinson Cycle, Lenoir Cycle - Description and representation on P-V and T-S diagram, Thermal Efficiency, Mean Effective Pressures on Air standard basis - comparison of Cycles- illustrative problems

UNIT V PSYCHROMETRY

Atmospheric air - Psychrometric Properties - Dry bulb Temperature, Wet Bulb Temperature, Dew point Temperature, Thermodynamic Wet Bulb Temperature, Specific Humidity. Relative Humidity, saturated Air, Vapour pressure, Degree of saturation - Adiabatic Saturation, Carrier's Equation - Psychrometric chart- illustrative problems

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Engineering Thermodynamics – P.K. Nag – TMH Publishers

2. Thermodynamics & Thermal Engineering – J. Selwin Rajadurai – New Age International Publishers

REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Thermodynamics – C.P. Arora – TMH Pub.
2. Thermodynamics - J.P. Holman / McGrawHill
3. Engineering Thermodynamics / E Rathakrishnan / PHI

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

OBJECTIVES:

The student expected to understand and analyze the pattern of renewable energy

resources Suggest methodologies / technologies for its utilization. Economics of the utilization and environmental merits

OUTCOMES

Use of renewable source for energy conversion

UNIT I : SOLAR ENERGY

Solar Radiation – Measurements of solar Radiation and sunshine – Solar Thermal Collectors – Flat Plate and Concentrating Collectors – Solar Applications – fundamentals of photo Voltaic Conversion – solar Cells – PV Systems – PV Applications.

UNIT II : WIND ENERGY

Wind Data and Energy Estimation – wind Energy Conversion Systems – Wind Energy generators and its performance – Wind Energy Storage – Applications – Hybrid systems.

UNIT III : BIO – ENERGY

Biomass, Biogas, Source, Composition, Technology for utilization – Biomass direct combustion – Biomass gasifier – Biogas plant – Digesters – Ethanol production – Bio diesel production and economics.

UNIT IV : OTEC, TIDAL, GEOTHERMAL AND HYDEL ENERGY

Tidal energy – Wave energy – Data, Technology options – Open and closed OTEC Cycles – Small hydro, turbines – Geothermal energy sources, power plant and environmental issues.

UNIT V : NEW ENERGY SOURCES

Hydrogen, generation, storage, transport and utilisation, Applications: power generation, transport – Fuel cells – technologies, types – economics and the power generation

TEXT BOOKS:

Rai. G.D., “Non Conventional Energy Sources”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.

Sukhatme. S.P., “Solar Energy”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

REFERENCES:

Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future”, Oxford University Press, U.K., 1996.

Twidell, J.W. & Weir, A., “Renewable Energy Sources”, EFN Spon Ltd., UK, 1986.

Tiwari. G.N., “Solar Energy: Fundamentals Design, Modelling and Applications”, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

UNIT-I

Quality Concepts: Evolution of Quality Control, concept change, TQM Modern concept, Quality concept in design, Review of design, Evolution of proto type. Control on Purchased Product: Procurement of various products, evaluation of supplies, capacity verification, Development of sources, procurement procedure.

Manufacturing Quality: Methods and techniques for manufacture, inspection and control of product, quality in sales and services, guarantee, analysis of claims.

Total Lectures required =9

UNIT-II

Quality Management: Organization structure and design, quality function, decentralization, designing and fitting, organization for different type products and company, economics of quality value and contribution, quality cost, optimizing quality cost, seduction program. Human Factor in quality Attitude of top management, cooperation of groups, operators attitude, responsibility, causes of apparatus error and corrective methods.

Total Lectures required =9

UNIT-III

Control Charts, Theory of control charts, measurement range, construction and analysis of R charts, process capability study, use of control charts. Attributes of Control Chart, Defects, construction and analysis of charts, improvement by control chart, variable sample size, construction and analysis of C charts.

Total Lectures required =9

UNIT -IV

Defects diagnosis and prevention defect study, identification and analysis of defects, correcting measure, factors affecting reliability, MTTF, calculation of reliability, building reliability in the product, evaluation of reliability, interpretation of test results, reliability control, maintainability, zero defects, quality circle.

Total Lectures required =9

UNIT –V

ISO-9000 and its concept of Quality Management, ISO 9000 series, Taguchi method, JIT in some details.

Total Lectures required =6

Grand total of lectures required = 32

Text / Reference Books:

1. Lt. Gen. H. Lal, “Total Quality Management”, Eastern Limited, 1990.

2. Menon, H.G, “TQM in New Product manufacturing”, McGraw Hill 1992.

NME-604 : REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING L T P 3 1 0

Unit-1

Refrigeration: Introduction to refrigeration system, Methods of refrigeration, Carnot refrigeration cycle, Unit of refrigeration, Refrigeration effect & C.O.P. Air Refrigeration cycle: Open and closed air refrigeration cycles, Reversed Carnot cycle, Bell Coleman or Reversed Joule air refrigeration cycle, Aircraft refrigeration system, Classification of aircraft refrigeration system. Boot strap refrigeration, Regenerative, Reduced ambient, Dry air rated temperature (DART). 8

Unit-2

Vapour Compression System: Single stage system, Analysis of vapour compression cycle, Use of T-S and P-H charts, Effect of change in suction and discharge pressures on C.O.P, Effect of sub cooling of condensate & superheating of refrigerant vapour on C.O.P of the cycle, Actual vapour compression refrigeration cycle, Multistage vapour compression system requirement, Removal of flash gas, Intercooling, Different configuration of multistage system, Cascade system. 8

Unit-3

Vapour Absorption system; Working Principal of vapour absorption refrigeration system, Comparison between absorption & compression systems, Elementary idea of refrigerant absorbent mixtures, Temperature – concentration diagram & Enthalpy – concentration diagram , Adiabatic mixing of two streams, Ammonia – Water vapour absorption system, Lithium- Bromide water vapour absorption system, Comparison. Three fluid system. 5

Refrigerants: Classification of refrigerants, Nomenclature, Desirable properties of refrigerants, Common refrigerants, Secondary refrigerants and CFC free refrigerants. Ozone layer depletion and global warming considerations of refrigerants 3

Unit-4

Air Conditioning: Introduction to air conditioning, Psychometric properties and their definitions, Psychometric chart, Different Psychometric processes, Thermal analysis of human body, Effective temperature and comfort chart, Cooling and heating load calculations, Selection of inside & outside design conditions, Heat transfer through walls & roofs, Infiltration & ventilation, Internal heat gain, Sensible heat factor ( SHF ), By pass factor, Grand Sensible heat factor ( GSHF), Apparatus dew point (ADP). Air Washers, Cooling towers & humidifying efficiency. 9

Unit-5

Refrigeration Equipment & Application: Elementary knowledge of refrigeration & air conditioning equipment compressors, condensers, evaporators & expansion devices, Food preservation, Cold storage, Refrigerates Freezers, Ice plant, Water coolers, Elementary knowledge of transmission and distribution of air through ducts and fans, Basic difference between comfort and industrial air conditioning. 7

Books: 1. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by C.P Arora, McGraw-Hill

2. Refrigeration and Air conditioning, by Manohar Prasad, New Age International (P) Ltd.Pub.

3. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by R. C. Arora, PHI

4. Principles of Refrigeration by Roy J. Dossat. Pearson Education

5. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by stoecker& Jones. McGraw-Hill

6. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by Arora&Domkundwar. DhanpatRai

7. Thermal Environment Engg. byKuhen, Ramsey &Thelked.

NME-654 : REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING Lab L T P 0 0 3

Minimum eight experiments out of the following:

1. Experiment on refrigeration test rig and calculation of various performance parameters.

2. Study of different types of expansion devices used in refrigeration system.

3. Study of different types of evaporators used in refrigeration systems.

4. To study basic components of air-conditioning system.

5. Experiment on air-conditioning test rig & calculation of various performance parameters.

6. Experiment on air washers

7. Study of window air conditioner.

8. Study & determination of volumetric efficiency of compressor.

9. Visit of a central air conditioning plant and its detailed study.

10. Visit of cold-storage and its detailed study.

11. Experiment on Ice-plant.

12. Experiment on two stage Reciprocating compressor for determination of volumetric efficiency , PV diagram and effect of intercooling.

13. Study of Hermetically sealed compressor.

14. Experiment on Desert coolers.

NME-401: APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS L T P 3 1 0

Unit-I

Thermodynamic relations: Conditions for exact differentials. Maxwell relations, Clapeyron equation, Joule-Thompson coefficient and Inversion curve. Coefficient of volume expansion, Adiabatic and Isothermal compressibility. 3

Fuels and Combustion: Combustion analysis, heating values, air requirement, Air/Fuel ratio, standard heat of reaction and effect of temperature on standard heat of reaction, heat of formation, Adiabatic flame temperature. 4

Unit-II

Boilers: Classifications and working of boilers, boiler mountings and accessories, Draught and its calculations, air pre heater, feed water heater, super heater. Boiler efficiency, Equivalent evaporation. Boiler trial and heat balance. 6 Condenser: Classification of condenser, air leakage, condenser performance parameters. 2

Unit-III Vapour Power cycles: Carnot vapour power cycle, Rankine cycle, effect of pressure and temperature on Rankine cycle, Reheat cycle, Regenerative cycle, Feed water heaters, Binary vapour cycle, Combined cycles, Cogeneration. 4

Steam Engines: Modified Rankine cycles, working and classification of steam engines, Indicator diagram, Saturation curve, Missing quantity, Heat balance. 3

Unit-IV

Steam and Gas Nozzles: Flow through Convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles, variation of velocity, area and specific volume, Choked flow, throat area, Nozzle efficiency, Off design operation of nozzle, Effect of friction on nozzle, Super saturated flow. 3

Steam Turbines : Classification of steam turbine, Impulse and Reaction turbines, Staging, Stage and Overall efficiency, Reheat factor, Bleeding, Velocity diagram of simple and compound multistage impulse and reaction turbines and related calculations, work done, efficiencies of reaction, Impulse reaction turbines, state point locus, Losses in steam turbines, Governing of turbines, Comparison with steam engine. 4

Unit-V

Gas Turbine: Gas turbine classification, Brayton cycle, Principles of gas turbine, Gas turbine cycles with intercooling, reheat and regeneration and their combinations, Stage efficiency, Polytropic efficiency. Deviation of actual cycles from ideal cycles. 4

Jet Propulsion: Introduction to the principles of jet propulsion, Turbojet and turboprop engines and their processes, Principle of rocket propulsion, Introduction to Rocket Engine. 3

Books and References:

1. Basic and Applied Thermodynamics by P.K. Nag, TMH

2. Applied thermodynamics by Onkar Singh, New Age International

3. Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists by Eastop, Pearson Education

4. Applied Thermodynamics by Venkanna And Swati, PHI

NME-502 : KINEMATICS OF MACHINES L:T:P 3: 1: 0

Unit I

Introduction, mechanisms and machines, kinematics and kinetics, types of links, kinematic pairs and their classification, types of constraint, degrees of freedom of planar mechanism, Grubler’s equation, mechanisms, inversion of four bar chain, slider crank chain and double slider crank chain. 4

Velocity analysis: Introduction, velocity of point in mechanism, relative velocity method, velocities in four bar mechanism, slider crank mechanism and quick return motion mechanism, rubbing velocity at a pin joint, instantaneous center method, types and locations of instantaneous center, Kennedy’s theorem, velocities in four bar mechanism and slider crank mechanism. 4

Unit II

Acceleration analysis: Introduction, acceleration of a point on a link, acceleration diagram, Corioli’s component of acceleration, crank and slotted lever mechanism, Klein’s construction for slider crank mechanism and four bar mechanism, analytical method for slider crank mechanism. 4

Kinematic synthesis of mechanism: Introduction, dimensional synthesis of mechanisms, motion, path and function generation, Chebyshev spacing, three position synthesis, graphical approach for four link mechanisms, straight line mechanisms, special mechanisms – indicator diagram mechanisms, steering mechanisms, Hook’s Joint 4

Unit III

Cams Introduction, classification of cams and followers, cam profiles for knife edge, roller and flat faced followers for uniform velocity, uniform acceleration, simple harmonic and cycloidal motions of follower. Analytical methods for cam profile. 8

Unit IV

Gears and gear trains Introduction, classification of gears, law of gearing, tooth forms and their comparisons, systems of gear teeth, length of path of contact, contact ratio, interference and undercutting in involute gear teeth, minimum number of teeth on gear and pinion to avoid interference, simple, compound, reverted and planetary gear trains, sun and planet gear train. 8

Unit V

Friction drives Introduction, belt and rope drives, open and crossed belt drives, velocity ratio, slip, power transmission, effect of mass of belt on power transmission, maximum power transmission, initial tension and maximum tension, pivots and collars, uniform pressure and uniform wear, clutches. 8

EME-031 : COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM)

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT-I

Automation

Introduction to CAM; Automated Manufacturing system; Need of automation, Basic elements of automation, Levels of automation, Automation Strategies, Advantages & disadvantages of automation, Historical development and future trends. 4

Features of NC Machines-

Fundamental of Numerical Control, elements of NC machine tools, classification of NC machine tools, Advantages, suitability and limitations of NC machine tools, Application of NC system, Methods for improving Accuracy considering the factors such as tool deflection and chatter and Productivity. 3

UNIT-II

NC Part Programming-

a) Manual (word address format) programming. Examples Drilling, Turning and Milling; Canned cycles, Subroutine, and Macro. 5

(b) APT programming. Geometry, Motion and Additional statements, Macro- statement. 4

UNIT-III

System Devices

Introduction to DC motors, stepping motors, feed back devices such as encoder, counting devices, digital to analog converter and vice versa. 3

Interpolators

Digital differential Integrator-Principle of operation, exponential decelarion; DDA Hardware Interpolator- Linear, Circular; DDA Software Interpolator. 4

Control of NC Systems

Open and closed loops. Control of point to point systems- Incremental open loop control, Incremental close loop, Absolute close loop; Control loop in contouring systems; Adaptive control. 3

UNIT-IV

Computer Integrated Manufacturing system

Group Technology, Flexible Manufacturing System, CIM, CAD/CAM, Computer aided process planning-Retrieval and Generative, Concept of Mechatronics, Computer aided Inspection. 6

UNIT-V

Robotics

Types and generations of Robots, Structure and operation of Robot, Robot applications. Economics, Robot programming methods. VAL and AML with examples. 6

Intelligent Manufacturing

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent manufacturing. 2

Books/References-

1. Automation, Production Systems and Computer Integrated Manufacturing by Mikell P. Groover

2. Computer Aided Manufacturing by Kundra and Rao

3. Computer control of Manufacturing systems by Koren

4. NC Machine Tools by S.J. Martin.

5. NC Machines by Koren

6. CAD/CAM by Groover.