Publications

Health Economics and Health Policy

[42] Chen S,  Cao Z, Nandi A, Counts N, Jiao L, Prettner K, Kuhn M, Seligman B, Tortorice D, Vigo D, Wang C, Bloom DE. (2024). "The global macroeconomic burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias: Estimates and projections for 152 countries or territories".  Forthcoming, The Lancet Global Health. 

[41] Summan A, Nandi A, Laxminarayan R. (2024). "COVID-19 pandemic and anthropometric outcomes in Indian children: Analysis of the 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey data". Communications Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00543-6 

[40] Bloom DE, Pecetta S, Scorza FB, Carfi A, Carleton B, Cipriano M, Edwards K, Gasperini G, Malley R, Nandi A, Nguyen A, Stuart L, Black S, Rappuoli R. (2024). "Vaccination for Healthy Aging: challenges, opportunities, and implications for policy".  Science Translational Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.adm9183 

[39] Summan A, Nandi A, Wahl B, Carmona S, Ongarello S, Vetter B, Laxminarayan R. (2024). "Estimates of hospitalisations and deaths in patients with COVID-19 associated with undiagnosed diabetes during the first phase of the pandemic in eight low- and middle-income countries: A modelling study."  eClinicalMedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102492 

[38] Nandi A, Counts N, Broker J, Malik S, Chen S, Han R, Klusty J, Seligman B, Tortorice D, Vigo D, Bloom DE. (2024). "Cost of care for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in the United States: 2016 to 2060". npj Aging. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00136-6 

[37] Madise N, Nandi A, Wong B, Razvi S. (2023) . "Achieving maternal and neonatal mortality development goals effectively: A cost-benefit analysis". Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2023.24  

[36] Pecetta S, Nandi A, Weller C, Harris V, Fletcher H, Scorza FB, Pizza M, Salisbury D, Moxon R, Black S, Bloom DE, Rappuoli R. (2023). "Vaccines for a sustainable planet".  Science Translational Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.adf1093 

[35] Nandi A. (2023). "COVID-19 and the Hidden Damage to the Childhood Immunization Agenda in India". Indian Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-023-2853-1 

[34] Nandi A, Pecetta S, Bloom DE. (2023). "Global antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 71 countries, 2020–2022".  eClinicalMedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101848 

[33] Summan A, Nandi A, and Bloom DE (2023). "A shot at economic prosperity: Long-term effects of India’s childhood immunization program on earnings and consumption expenditure".  American Journal of Health Economics. https://doi.org/10.1086/723591 . (Ungated preprint)

[32] Nandi A, Counts N, Chen S, Seligman B, Tortorice D, Vigo D, and Bloom DE. (2022). "Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias from 2019 to 2050: a value of statistical life approach".  eClinicalMedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101580. Press coverage: India Today 

[31] Summan A, Nandi A,  Shet A, Laxminarayan R. (2022). "The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunization coverage and timeliness in India: Retrospective analysis of the National Family Health Survey of 2019–2021 data".  The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100099  

[30] Summan A, Nandi A, Schueller E, Laxminarayan R (2022). "Public Health Facility Quality and Child Immunization Outcomes in Rural India: A Decomposition Analysis". Vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.017 

[29] Arinaminpathy N, Nandi A, Vijayan S, Jha N, Nair SA, Kumta S, Rade K, Vadera B, Rao R, Sachdeva KS, and Dewan P (2021). "Engaging with the private healthcare sector for the control of tuberculosis in India: Cost and cost-effectiveness". BMJ Gobal Health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006114 

[28] Summan A, and Nandi A (2021). "Timing of non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate COVID-19 transmission and their effects on mobility: A cross-country analysis". The European Journal of Health Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01355-4

[27] Schueller E, Nandi A, Summan A, Chatterjee S, Ray A, Haldar P, and Laxminarayan R (2021). "Public Finance of Universal Routine Childhood Immunization in India: District Level Cost Estimates". Health Policy and Planning. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab114 

[26] Summan A, Nandi A, Deo S, and Laxminarayan R. (2021). "Improving Vaccination Coverage and Timeliness Through Periodic Intensification of Routine Immunization: Evidence from Mission Indradhanush". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14657 . Press coverage: The Tribune India 

[25] Schueller E, Nandi A, Joshi J, Laxminarayan L, and Klein E (2021). "The Association between Private Vaccine and Antimicrobial Consumption across Indian States, 2008-2017". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14571

[24] Nandi A, Kumar S, Shet A, Bloom DE, and Laxminarayan R. (2020). "Childhood vaccinations and adult schooling attainment: Long-term evidence from India's Universal Immunization Programme". Social Science and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112885 . Press coverage: Quartz India

[23] Nandi A, and Shet A. (2020). "Why vaccines matter: understanding the broader health, economic, and child development benefits of routine immunization". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1708669

[22] Klein EY, Schueller E, Tseng KK, Morgan DJ, Laxminarayan R, and Nandi A. (2020). "The Impact of Influenza Vaccination on Antibiotic Use in the United States, 2010-2017". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa223

[21] Bloom D, Cadarette D, Ferranna M, Nandi A, and Shet A. (2020). "Value of Vaccination in India: Past, Present, and Future Prospects". Chapter 73, in Vashishtha et al. eds. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Vaccines. 2nd Edition. Japyee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. Download link (Book chapter)

[20] Nandi A, Shet A, Behrman JR, Black MM, Bloom DE, and Laxminarayan R (2019). "Anthropometric, cognitive, and educational benefits of measles vaccination: Longitudinal cohort analysis in Ethiopia, India, and Vietnam".  Vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.025

[19] Nandi A, Deolalikar AB, Bloom DE, and Laxminarayan R (2019). "Haemophilus influenzae Type B Vaccination and Anthropometric, Cognitive, and Schooling Outcomes among Indian Children". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14127 Press coverage: Bloomberg Quint

[18] Chatterjee S, Das P, Nigam A, Nandi A, Brenzel L, Ray A, Haldar P, Aggarwal MK, and Laxminarayan R (2018). "Variation in Cost and Performance of Routine Immunization Service Delivery in India". BMJ Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000794.  Press coverage: Hindustan Times, MedIndia

[17]  Nandi A, Megiddo I, Ashok A, Verma A, Laxminarayan R (2017). “Reduced Burden of Childhood Diarrheal Diseases through Increased Access to Water and Sanitation in India:  A Modeling Analysis”. Social Science and Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.049. Press coverage: Deccan Herald

[16]  Verguet S, Nandi A, Filippi V, Bundy DP (2017). "Postponing Adolescent Parity in Developing Countries through Education: An Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis". Chapter 28, Disease Control Priorities Third Edition, Volume 8: Child & Adolescent Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525263 (Peer-reviewed book chapter)

[15]  Verguet S, Nandi A, Filippi V, Bundy DP (2016). "Maternal-related deaths and impoverishment among adolescent girls in India and Niger: findings from a modeling study". BMJ Open. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011586

[14]  Black RE, Levin C, Walker N, Chou D, Liu L, Temmerman M, for the DCP3 RMNCH Authors Group (includes Nandi A). (2016). "Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities 3rd Edition". Lancet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00738-8

[13]  Ashok A, Nandi A, Laxminarayan R. (2016). "The Benefits of a Universal Home-Based Neonatal Care Package in Rural India: An Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis". Chapter 18, Disease Control Priorities Third Edition, Volume 2: Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361910/ (Peer-reviewed book chapter)

[12]  Megiddo I, Colson AR, Chisholm D, Dua T, Nandi A, Laxminarayan R (2016). "The Health and Economic Benefits of Public Financing of Epilepsy Treatment in India: An agent-based simulation model". Epilepsia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.13294

[11]  Nandi A, Barter D, Prinja S, John TJ (2016). "The Estimated Health and Economic Benefits of Three Decades of Polio Elimination Efforts in India". Indian Pediatrics. http://www.indianpediatrics.net/supplaug2016/s7.pdf

[10]  Nandi A, Holtzman EP, Malani A, Laxminarayan R. (2015). “The Need for Better Evidence to Evaluate the Health and Economic Benefits of India’s Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana”. Indian Journal of Medical Research. http://www.ijmr.org.in/text.asp?2015/142/4/383/169194

[9]  Nandi A, Colson AR, Verma A, Megiddo I, Ashok A, Laxminarayan R (2015). “The Health and Economic Benefits of Scaling Up a Home-Based Neonatal Care Package in Rural India: A Modeling Analysis”. Health Policy & Planning. 31(5): 634-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv113 

[8]  Mock CN, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Debas HT, for the DCP3 Essential Surgery Author Group (includes Nandi A). (2015). "Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition". Lancet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60091-5

[7]  Prinja S, Nandi A, Horton S, Levin C, Ramanan Laxminarayan (2015). “Costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of selected surgical procedures and platforms: A summary”. Chapter 18, Disease Control Priorities Third Edition, Volume 1:Essential Surgery. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK333516/ (Peer-reviewed book chapter)

[6]  Megiddo I, Colson AR, Nandi A, Chatterjee S, Prinja S, Khera A, Laxminarayan R. (2014). "Analysis of the Universal Immunization Programme and Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine in India with IndiaSim". Vaccine, 32S: 151-161.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.080

[5]  Megiddo I, Chatterjee S, Nandi A, Laxminarayan R. (2014) “Cost-effectiveness of treatment and secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction in India”. Global Heart. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.07.002

[4]  Nandi A, Ashok A, Guindon GE, Chaloupka FJ, Jha P. (2014). “Estimates of the Economic Contributions of the Bidi Manufacturing Industry in India”. Tobacco Control http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051404

[3]  Nandi A, Ashok A, and Laxminarayan R (2013). “The Socioeconomic and Institutional Determinants of the Implementation and Uptake of India's Health Insurance Scheme for the Poor”. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66296.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066296

[2]  Jha P, Guindon E, Joseph RA, Nandi A, John RM, Rao K, Chaloupka FJ, Kaur J, Gupta PC, Rao MG. (2011). “A rational taxation system of bidis and cigarettes to reduce smoking deaths in India”. Economic and Political Weekly; 46(42): 44-51. https://www.epw.in/journal/2011/42/special-articles/rational-taxation-system-bidis-and-cigarettes-reduce-smoking-deaths 

[1]  Nandi A. (2009). “The Importance of the Global Health Sector in California: An Evaluation of the Economic Impact”, UC Berkeley: UC Global Health Institute, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/69v7f2jz http://escholarship.org/uc/item/69v7f2jz (Peer-reviewed report)

Child Development and Education

[13] Nandi A, Sahoo S, Haberland N, and Ngo TD (2023). "A glass ceiling at the playhouse? Gender gaps in public and private preschool enrollment in India".  International Journal of Educational Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102905  

[12] Nandi A, Haberland N, Kozak M, and Ngo TD (2023). "The gendered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent literacy and schooling outcomes in India". npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00193-8 

[11] Nandi A, Haberland N, and Ngo TD (2023). "The impact of primary schooling expansion on adult educational attainment, literacy, and health: Evidence from India’s Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan". International Journal of Educational Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102871 

[10] Nandi A, Zahra F, Austrian K, Haberland N, and Ngo TD (2023). "Growth failure among children of adolescent mothers at ages 0-5 and 6-12 years in India" .  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.  https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14984 . 

[9] Kumar S, Kumar K, Laxminarayan R, Nandi A. (2022). "Birth Weight and Cognitive Development during Childhood: Evidence from India".  Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12335. 

[8] Herve J, Mani S, Behrman JR, Nandi A, Lamkang A, and Laxminarayan L. (2022). "Gender Gaps in Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills among Adolescents in India". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.11.011

[7] Nandi A, Behrman JR, Black MM, Kinra S, and Laxminarayan R. (2019). "Associations between early-life nutrition and ages at menarche and first pregnancy, and childbirth rates of young adults: Evidence from APCAPS in India".  Maternal and Child Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12854

[6] Nandi A, Behrman JR, and Laxminarayan R (2019). "The Impact of a National Early Childhood Development Program on Future Schooling Attainment: Evidence from ICDS in India". Economic Development and Cultural Change. https://doi.org/10.1086/703078. (Ungated version) 

[5]  Nandi A, Behrman JR, Kinra S, and Laxminarayan R (2018). "Early-Life Nutrition is Associated Positively with Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes and Negatively with Marriage Rates at Age 20-25 Years: Evidence from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS) in India". Journal of Nutrition. 148(1): 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxx012. Featured Journal of Nutrition article with expert commentary. Press coverage: New Indian Express, Telegraph India, Medical News Bulletin, IndiaSpend, Business Standard, Firstpost

[4]  Bundy AP, de Silva N, Horton S, Patton GC, Schultz L, Jamison DT, for the  Disease Control Priorities-3 Child and Adolescent Health and Development Authors Group (includes Nandi A). (2017). "Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition". Lancet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32417-0

[3]  Nandi A, Lutter R, Laxminarayan R. (2017). "Breastfeeding duration and adolescent educational outcomes: Longitudinal evidence from India". Food and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572117733100

[2]  Nandi A, Behrman JR, Bhalotra S, Deolalikar A, Laxminarayan R (2017). “Human Capital and Productivity Benefits of Early Childhood Nutritional Interventions”. Chapter 27, Disease Control Priorities Third Edition, Volume 8: Child & Adolescent Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525244/ (Peer-reviewed book chapter)

[1]  Nandi A, Ashok A, Kinra S, Behrman JR, Laxminarayan R (2016). "Early Childhood Nutrition is Associated with Improved Adolescent Educational Outcomes: Evidence from the Andhra Pradesh Child and Parents Study (APCAPS)", Journal of Nutrition. 146(4): 806-813 http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.223198. Press coverage: IndiaSpend, Business Standard, Firstpost

Development Economics and Demography

[7] Nandi A, Summan A, Ngo TD, and Bloom DE (2024). "Childhood vaccinations and the demand for children: Long-term evidence from India". World Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106692

[6] Kalantry S, Nandi A (2019). "Evaluating the Impact of the Indian Supreme Court Judgment on Sex-Selective Abortion". Chapter 12, A Qualified Hope The Indian Supreme Court and Progressive Social Change. Rosenberg G et al. eds, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108565530 (Book chapter)

[5]  Nandi A, Mazumdar S, and Behrman JR (2018). "The Effect of Natural Disaster on Fertility, Birth Spacing, and Child Sex Ratio: Evidence from a Major Earthquake in India". Journal of Population Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-017-0659-7. (Ungated version)

[4]  Nandi A and Laxminarayan R. (2015). “The Unintended Effects of Cash Transfers on Fertility: Evidence from the Safe Motherhood Scheme in India”. Journal of Population Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-015-0576-6 . Press coverage: Deccan Herald, IndiaSpend

[3]  Nandi A. (2014) “The Unintended Effects of a Ban on Sex-Selective Abortion on Infant Mortality: Evidence from India”. Oxford Development Studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2014.973390. Press coverage: DNA India

[2]  Nandi A, Kalantry S, Citro B. (2014). “Sex-selective Abortion Bans are Not Associated with Changes in Sex Ratios at Birth in Illinois and Pennsylvania”. Forum for Health Economics & Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2014-0018

[1]  Nandi A. and Deolalikar AB. (2013). “Does a Legal Ban on Sex-Selective Abortions Improve Child Sex Ratios? Evidence from a Policy Change in India”, Journal of Development Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.02.007. Press coverage: New Scientist, Sakal Times, Women News Network, DNA India

Reports and Policy Writing

Bloom DE, Chen S, Nandi A et al. (2024). "The Ten Trillion Dollar Disease". Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/custom-media/davos-alzheimers-collaborative/the-ten-trillion-dollar-disease/ 

Nandi A, Haberland N, Ngo TD. (2023). "The Radical Power of Education". New York: Population Council. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2023.1056 . 

Bloom D, Counts N, Nandi A, Tortorice D, and Vigo D. (2022). "How to address Alzheimer's disease and support healthier ageing ". World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/this-is-how-to-address-a-global-alzheimers-disease/ 

Counts N, Nandi A, Seligman B, and Tortorice D. (2021). "Dementia storm on the horizon ". IMF Finance and Development. Winter 2021. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/12/Dementia-Storm-Horizon-Counts-Nandi-Seligman-Tortorice.htm 

Bloom DE, Chen S, Counts N, Han R, Malik S, Nandi A, Seligman B, and Vigo D. (2021). “Addressing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias to realise the promise of the UN’s ‘Decade of Healthy Ageing’”. VoxEU. https://voxeu.org/article/alzheimer-s-and-un-s-decade-healthy-ageing 

Laxminarayan R, Nandi A. (2016). "Early life nutrition and future educational outcomes: Findings from ICDS". Ideas for India. https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/governance/early-life-nutrition-and-future-educational-outcomes-findings-from-icds.html.

Nigam A, Nandi A. (2015). "Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis: Improving Care in India through a Public Private Interface Agency". 24 March 2015, CDDEP cddep.org/blog/posts/early_diagnosis_and_treatment_tuberculosis_improving_care_india_through_public_private/ 

Jesudason S, Jorwar S, Persaud A, Nandi A, Watson F eds. (2014). "Replacing Myths With Facts: Sex-Selective Abortion Laws In The United States". Report published by the University of Chicago Law School - Global Human Rights Clinic, National Asian Pacific American Women’s Forum, and Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/ihrc/7/. 

Laxminarayan R, Nandi A (2013). “Tuberculosis control in India: More bang for bucks than simply saving lives”. Ideas for India, http://ideasforindia.in/article.aspx?article_id=147

Deolalikar A, Nandi A (2013). “Combating gender imbalance through legislation”. Ideas for India, http://ideasforindia.in/article.aspx?article_id=178

Nandi A. “Series Examines Prospect of Universal Healthcare Coverage in India”. 26 January, 2011. CDDEP. cddep.org/blog/posts/series_examines_prospect_universal_healthcare_coverage_india/ 

Guindon GE, Nandi A, Chaloupka FJ,  Jha P. “Socioeconomic differences in the impact of smoking tobacco and alcohol prices on smoking in India” Voxeu 23 December, 2011. http://new.voxeu.org/article/why-india-should-increase-taxes-cigarettes

Nandi A. “Missing Women”: An overview of the gender imbalance debate and public policy”. Part 1: 21 September, 2010. Part 2: 30 September, 2010. CDDEP. cddep.org/blog/posts/missing_women_overview_gender_imbalance_debate_and_public_policy_part_1/ 

Nandi A. “If You Build It, Will They Come? Demand-side incentives for public healthcare delivery in India”. 8 October, 2010. CDDEP. cddep.org/blog/posts/if_you_build_it_will_they_come_demand_side_incentives_public_healthcare_delivery_india/