Resources
Check out MadDSI, a data science initiative from our group.
Python
To learn Python, we recommend the following books:
Introducing Python, by Bill Lubanovic
Learning Python, by Mark Lutz
The Python tutorial at https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/ is very useful.
Machine Learning
I will cover basic ML stuff in the class, will emphasize a bit the end-to-end process. That will be enough to get you going, but you should read more. I've posted some reading material for ML on the class's internal page.
There are a lot of ML books, but many of these are written from statistical perspectives and may not be easy for novice data scientists to read. The book Machine Learning by Tom Mitchell, while a bit outdated, is still the most accessible. You can probably buy a used copy on Amazon (far cheaper than a new one). Scan Chapter 1, skip Chapter 2, read Chapters 3 and 5, and read whichever remaining chapters you may like. Some other choices include:
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques
This book also has a good introductory chapter on machine learning (Chapter 18).
You should also browse the slides on the homepage of CS 760: Machine Learning. Here's the course offering from David Page, and here's the course offering from Mark Craven.
If you want ML books from statistical perspectives, here are a few recommendations:
Relational Database Systems, SQL
Any of the following textbooks will do.
Tools in the Python Data Science Ecosystem
There are numerous tutorials/books/articles about these (just do a quick Google search). A few pointers:
A recent tutorial on scikit-learn, given at the PyData conference in Chicago.
A recent tutorial on pandas, given at the PyData conference in Chicago
This is a good book to learn more about pandas: Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and IPython
You should also know GitHub and Jupyter Notebook.
Resources on Jupyter Notebook
https://jupyter-notebook-beginner-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
http://bebi103.caltech.edu/2015/tutorials/t0b_intro_to_jupyter_notebooks.htm