“Summative assessments are used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional period—typically at the end of a project” (EdGlossary). Summative assessments are generally evaluative, rather than diagnostic. In inquiry-based social studies, summative assessment usually takes the form of students’ writing pieces, final products, and/or presentations. Common assessments are designed to provide detailed and concrete information on what students know and do not know with respect to specific learning targets.