A complete list of publications can be viewed on Scopus or Google Scholar.

Popular media

1. Walkley, B. (2020) The way forward for low-carbon cements. Materials World, April 11, 2022.

2. Walkley, B. (2020) Sustainable cement: the simple switch that could massively cut global carbon emissions. The Conversation, August 21, 2020.

Journal articles

1. Simoni, M., Woo, C. L. , Zhao, H., Iuga, D., Svora, P., Hanein, T., Kinoshita, H. J., Walkley, B. (2023) Reactionmechanisms, kinetics, and nanostructural evolution of magnesium silicatehydrate (M-S-H) gels. Cement and Concrete Research, IF: 11.958 

2. Derkani, M. H., Bartlett, N. J., Koma, G., Carter, L., Geddes, D. A., Provis, J. L., Walkley, B. (2022) Mechanisms ofdispersion of metakaolin particles via adsorption of naphthalene sulfonatepolymer in geopolymer cements. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 628, B, 745–757

3. Walkley, B., Geddes, D., Matsuda, T., Provis, J. L., (2022) Reversible adsorption of polycarboxylates onsilica fume in high pH, high ionic strength environments for control ofconcrete fluidity. Langmuir, 38, 5, 1662–1671, IF: 4.331

4. Walkley, B., Geddes, D., Matsuda, T., Provis, J. L., (2022) Reversible adsorption of polycarboxylates on silica fume in high pH, high ionic strength environments for control of concrete fluidity. Langmuir, in press.

5. Avet, F., Li, X., Snellings, R., Walkley, B., … Scrivener, K. et al. (2022) Report of RILEM TC 267-TRM: Optimization and testing of the robustness of the R3 reactivity tests for supplementary cementitious materials. Materials and Structures, in press.

6. Fisher, A. J., Ding, H., Rajbhandari, P., Walkley, B., Stennett, M. C., Hand, R. J., Hyatt, N. C., Harrison, M., T., Corkhill., C. L. (2022) Chemical structure and dissolution behaviour of CaO and ZnO containing alkali-borosilicate glass. Materials Advances, in press.

7. Kearney, S., Robshaw, T., Turner, J., Sharrad, C., Walkley, B., Ogden, M. D. (2022) Encapsulation of iodine loaded metallated silica materials by a geopolymer matrix. MRS Advances, in press.

8. Yorkshire, A. S., Stennett, M. C., Walkley, B., O'Sullivan, S .E., Mottram, L. M., Bailey, D. J., Provis, J. L., Hyatt, N. C., Corkhill, C. L. (2022) Spectroscopic evaluation of UVI–cement mineral interactions: ettringite and hydro­talcite. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 29 (1), 89-102

9. Longhi, M. A., Rodriguez, E., Walkley, B., Zhang, Z., Provis, J. L., Kirchheim, A. P. (2021) Metakaolin-based geopolymers: efflorescence and its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. Ceramics International, 48 (2) 2212-2229.

10. Walkley, B., Ke, X., Provis, J. L., Bernal, S. A. (2021) Influence of the activator anion on the nanostructure of aged alkali-activated slag cements. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125, 37, 20727–20739.

11. Walkley, B., Ke, X., Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L. (2021) Thermodynamic properties of sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H). Dalton Transactions, 50, 13968.

12. Robshaw, T., Turner, J., Kearney, S., Walkley, B. Sharrad, C., Ogden, M. D. (2021) Capture of aqueous radioiodine species by metallated extractants and applications for the nuclear industry: A review. Springer Nature Applied Sciences, 3, 843.

13. Zhong, M. -X., Walkley, B., Bailey, D., Blackburn, L. R., Ding, H., Wang, S. -Q., Bao, W. -C., Gardner, L. J., Zhang, H. -B., Sun, S. -K., Corkhill, C. L., Stennett, M. C., Hyatt, N. C. (2021) Synthesis of Ca1-xCexZrTi2-2xAl2xO7 zirconolite ceramics for plutonium disposition. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 556, 153198.

14. Matsuda, T. A., Geddes, D. D., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L. (2021) High-performance concrete that achieve ultralow shrinkage, low carbon, low heat generation, high strength, and high fluidity using by-products. Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute.

15. Ren, J., Zhang, L., Walkley, B., Black, J. R., San Nicolas, R. (2021) Degradation resistance of different cementitious materials to phosphoric acid attack at early stage. Cement and Concrete Research, 151, 106606.

16. Longhi, M. A., Rodriguez, E., Walkley, B., Zhang, Z., Kirchheim, A. P. (2021) Strategies for control and mitigation of efflorescence in metakaolin-based geopolymers. Cement and Concrete Research, 144, 106431.

17. Linhao, L., Walkley, B., Reaney, I. M., Sinclair, D. C. (2021) The influence of Fe2O3 reagent grade purity on the electrical properties of ‘undoped’ LaFeO3 ceramics: a cautionary reminder. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 41, 7, 4189-4198.

18. Mostaed, A., Walkley, B., Hatnean, M. C., Balakrishnan, G., Lees, M. R., Beanland, R., Reaney, I. M., Sinclair, D. C. (2021) The influence of invisible light atoms on the intensity of visible heavy atom columns in the annular dark-field aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy. Acta Materialia, 208, 116717.

19. Manning, J. R. H., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., Patwardhan, S. V. (2021) Mimicking bio-sintering: The identification of highly condensed surfaces in bioinspired silica materials, Langmuir, 37, 1, 561–568. Read an overview of this work on the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering website.

20. Wang, L., Geddes, D. D., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., Mechtcherine, V., Tsang, D. C. W. (2020) The role of Zn in geopolymers. Cement and Concrete Research, 136, 106194.

21. Yliniemi, J., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., Kinnunen, P., Illikainen, M. (2020) Influence of activator type on hydration kinetics, setting time and compressive strength of alkali-activated mineral wools, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 144, 1129–1138.

22. Vasconcelos, R., Walkley, B., O’Day, S., Tang, C., Parasekavoulos, H., Gardner, L. J., Corkhill, C. (2020) 18-month hydration of a low-pH cement for geological disposal of nuclear waste: The CEBAMA reference cement, Applied Geochemistry, 116, 104536 .

23. Walkley, B., Page, S., Rees, G. J., Hanna, J. V., Provis, J. L. (2020) Nanostructural development of synthetic CaO-(Na2O)-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O gels revealed by multinuclear MQMAS NMR, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124, 2, 1681–1694.

24. Longhi, M. A., Rodriguez, E., Walkley, B., Zhang, Z., Kirchheim, A. P. (2020) Metakaolin-based geopolymers: relation between formulation, physicochemical properties and efflorescence formation, Composites Part B: Engineering, 182, 107671.

25. Walkley, B., Ke, X., Hussein, O. H., Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L. (2020) Incorporation of strontium and calcium in geopolymer gels, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 382 121015.

26. Yliniemi, J., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., Kinnunen, P., Illikainen, M. (2020) Nanostructural evolution of alkali-activated mineral wools, Cement and Concrete Composites, 106, 103472.

27. Green, A.C., Lath, D., Hudson, K., Walkley, B., Down, J.M., Owen, R., Evans, H. R, Paton-Hough, J., Reilly, G. C., Lawson, M. A., Chantry A. D (2019) TGFβ inhibition stimulates collagen maturation to enhance bone repair and fracture resistance in a murine myeloma model, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 34, 12, 2311–2326.

28. Longhi, M. A., Walkley, B., Rodriguez, E., Kirchheim, A. P., Zhang, Z., Wang, H. (2019) New selective dissolution process to quantify reaction extent and product stability in metakaolin-based geopolymers, Composites Part B: Engineering, 176, 107172.

29. Walkley, B., Provis, J. L. (2019) Solid state NMR of cements. Materials Today Advances, 1, 100007.

30. Prentice, D. P., Walkley, B., Bernal, S. A., Bankhead, M., Hayes, M., Provis, J. L. (2019) Thermodynamic modelling of BFS-PC cements under temperature conditions relevant to the geological disposal of nuclear wastes, Cement and Concrete Research, 119, 21-35.

31. Hughes, C. E., Walkley, B., Gardner, L. J., Walling, S. A., Bernal, S. A., Iuga, D., Provis, J. L., Harris, K. D. M. (2019) In-situ high field solid-state NMR as a probe of the first stages of hydration of Ca2Al2O4. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 99, 1-6.

32. Criado, M., Walkley, B., Ke, X., Provis, J. L., Bernal, S. A. (2018) Slag and activator chemistry control the reaction kinetics of sodium metasilicate-activated slag cements. Sustainability, 10 (12) 4709

33. Dong, B., Yan, J, Walkley, B., Inglis, K. K., Blanc, F., Hull, S., West, A. R. (2018) Synthesis of the new Li+ ion conductor, Li5SiO4F. Solid State Ionics, 327 64-70.

34. Li, X., Snellings, R., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., Scrivener, K. et al. (2018) Reactivity tests for supplementary cementitious materials: RILEM TC 267-TRM phase 1. Materials and Structures, 51 (6) 151-164.

35. Walkley, B., Kashani, A., Sani, M. –A., Ngo, T. D., Mendis, P. A. (2018) Examination of alkali-activated cement nanostructure during thermal treatment. Journal of Materials Science, 53 (13) 9486-9503.

36. Walkley, B., Rees, G. J., San Nicolas, R., van Deventer, J. S. J., Hanna, J. V., Provis, J. L., (2018) A new structural model of sodium aluminosilicate gels and the role of charge balancing extra-framework Al. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122 (10) 5673-5685.

37. Kashani, A., Ngo, T. D., Walkley, B., Mendis, P. A. (2017) Thermal performance of calcium rich alkali activated materials: A microstructural and mechanical study. Construction and Building Materials, 153 225-237.

38. Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Sani, M. –A., van Deventer, J. S. J., Provis, J. L., (2017) Structural evolution of synthetic alkali-activated CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O materials is influenced by Mg content. Cement and Concrete Research, 99 155-171.

39. Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Sani, M. –A., Rees, G. J., Hanna, J. V., van Deventer, J. S. J., Provis, J. L., (2016) Phase evolution of C-(N)-A-S-H/N-A-S-H gel blends via alkali-activation of synthetic precursors. Cement and Concrete Research, 89 120-135.

40. Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Sani, M. –A., Gehman, J. D., van Deventer, J. S. J., Provis, J. L., (2016) Synthesis of stoichiometrically controlled reactive aluminosilicate and calcium-aluminosilicate powders. Powder Technology, 297 17-33.

41. Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Sani, M. –A., Gehman, J. D., van Deventer, J. S. J., Provis, J. L., (2016) Phase evolution of Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O gels in synthetic aluminosilicate binders. Dalton Transactions, 45(13) 5521-5535.

42. Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., San Nicolas, R., Sani, M. –A., Gehman, J. D., van Deventer, J. S. J., (2015) Stoichiometrically controlled C-(A)-S-H/N-A-S-H gel blends via alkali-activation of synthetic precursors. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 114(7) 372-377.

43. Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L., Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Gehman, J. D., Brice, D. G., Kilcullen, A. R., Duxson, P., van Deventer, J. S. J. (2013) Gel nanostructure in alkali-activated binders based on slag and fly ash, and effects of accelerated carbonation. Cement and Concrete Research, 53 127-144.

Invited Book chapters

1. Kearney, S.A., Yorkshire, A.S., Geddes, D. D., Hanein, T., Nelson, S., Provis, J. L., Walkley, B. (2021) Cement-based solidification/stabilization of radioactive waste in Wang, L. and Tsang, D. C. W. (Ed.) Low Carbon Stabilization and Solidification (S/S) of Hazardous Wastes, Elsevier.

2. San Nicolas, R., Walkley, B., van Deventer, J. S. J. (2018) Portland and Other Cements in Dunne, R., Young, C. and Komar Kawatra, S. (Ed.) SME Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Handbook. Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration.

3. Walkley, B. (2018) Geopolymers in Marker, B. and Bobrowsky, P. T. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Engineering Geology, Earth Sciences Series, Springer, Heidelberg.

4. San Nicolas, R., Walkley, B., van Deventer, J. S. J. (2017) Fly ash based geopolymer chemistry and behaviour in Robl, T. L. and Oberlink, A. (Ed.) Coal combustion By-products: Characteristics, Utilization, Beneficiation and Risk Assessment. Woodhead Publishing.

Peer reviewed articles in conference proceedings

1. Matsuda, T. A., Geddes, D. D., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L. (2021) Experimental study on static modulus and split tensile strength of ultra-low shrinkage and high strength ZERO-CEMENT-CONCRETE, FIB symposium 2021: Concrete Structures: New Trends for Eco-Efficiency and Performance, Lisbon, Portugal, 14th – 16th June

2. Robshaw, T., Kearney, S. A., Walkley, B., , Sharrad, C., Ogden, M. D., Turner, J. (2021) Iodine Off-gas Capture and Immobilization Research in Support of UK Advanced Fuel Cycle Work, Waste Management 2021, Pheonix, USA, 8th – 12th March

3. Matsuda, T. A., Geddes, D. D., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L. (2020) Properties and hardening mechanism of ultralow shrinkage and high strength zero-cement concrete, FIB symposium 2020: Concrete Structures for Resilient Society, Shanghai, China, 22nd – 24th Nov

4.  Walkley, B., Ke, X., Hussein, O. H., Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L. (2020) Thermodynamic properties of (N,K)-A-S-H gels, 74th RILEM Annual Week and 40th Cement and Concrete Science Conference, Sheffield, UK, 31st Aug – 4th Sept

5.  Walkley, B., Ke, X., Provis, J. L., Bernal, S. A. (2020) Influence of the activator anion on the nanostructure of aged alkali-activated slag cements, 74th RILEM Annual Week and 40th Cement and Concrete Science Conference, Sheffield, UK, 31st Aug – 4th Sept

6.  Wang, L., Geddes, D. D., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., Mechtcherine, V., Tsang, D. C. W. (2020) Interaction between ZnO and metakaolin-based geopolymer, 74th RILEM Annual Week and 40th Cement and Concrete Science Conference, Sheffield, UK, 31st Aug – 4th Sep

7. Matsuda, T. A., Geddes, D. D., Walkley, B., Provis, J. L. (2020) Properties and hardening mechanism of ultralow shrinkage and high strength zero-cement concrete, 74th RILEM Annual Week and 40th Cement and Concrete Science Conference, Sheffield, UK, 31st Aug – 4th Sep

8. Walkley, B., Page, S., Rees, G. J., Hanna, J. V., Provis, J. L. (2019) Nanostructural development of biphasic C-(N)-A-S-H/N-A-S-H gels in synthetic alkali-activated materials revealed by multinuclear MQMAS NMR, 14th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Prague, Czech Republic, 16th – 20th Sept

9. Longhi, M. A., Walkley, B., Rodriguez, E., Wang, H., Kirchheim, A. P., Zhang, Z. (2019) Efflorescence formation in metakaolin-based geopolymers: Causes, effects, and control, 14th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Prague, Czech Republic, 16th – 20th Sept,

10. Kearney, S.A., Walkley, B., Corkhill, C. L., Provis, J. L. (2019) Radiation damage effects in cementitious grouts used for nuclear waste disposal in the UK, 14th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Prague, Czech Republic, 16th – 20th Sept

11. Mostaed, A., Walkley, B., Hatnean, M. C., Balakrishnan, G., Lees, M. R., Sinclair, D. C., Reaney, I. M. (2019) Characterizing invisible light atoms in ADF-STEM images at a resolution of few tens of picometers, 5th Conference on Frontiers of Aberration Corrected Electron Microscopy – PICO 2019, Kasteel Vaalsbroek, The Netherlands, 6th – 10th May

12. Yorkshire, A.S., Provis, J.L., Stennett, M.C., Bailey, D.J., Walkley, B., van Meurs, S, Parry, S, Martel, L., Walters, O., Hyatt, N.C., Corkhill, C.L. (2018) Understanding cement-[U,Pu,Tc] mineral systems for radioactive waste management, Proceedings of NUWCEM 2018 International Symposium on Cement-based Materials for Nuclear Wastes, Avignon, France, 24th – 26th Oct

13. Kearney, S.A., Walkley, B., Corkhill, C. L., Provis, J. L. (2018) Radiation damage effects in high volume replacement Portland cements, Proceedings of NUWCEM 2018 International Symposium on Cement-based Materials for Nuclear Wastes, Avignon, France, 24th – 26th Oct

14. Walkley, B. (2018) Materials for a sustainable future: Composition-‘local-structure’-property relationships in sustainable cements, World Materials Research Institute Forum Workshop for Early Career Scientists, National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom, 18th-22nd June.

15. Vasconcelos, R., Walkley, B., Hyatt, N., Provis, J. L., Corkhill, C. (2018) The physico-chemical evolution of a low-pH cement in contact with groundwater, 3rd Annual Workshop of the Cebama project, Nantes, France, 17th-18th April

16. Yliniemi, J., Kinnunen, P., Walkley, B., Koistinen, S.-M., Provis, J. L., Illikainen, M. (2018) Alkali-activated mineral wool wastes, Young Researchers’ Forum IV, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, 9th April

17. Walkley, B., Rees, G. J., San Nicolas, R., van Deventer, J. S. J., Hanna, J. V., Provis, J. L., (2017) Molecular structure of alkali-activated cements as determined by solid state 27Al and 23Na MQMAS NMR, Proceedings of the 37th Annual Cement and Concrete Science Conference, London, UK, 11-12 Sept

18. Kashani, A., Ngo, T. D., Walkley, B., Mendis, P. A. (2017) Thermal performance of calcium rich alkali activated materials: A microstructural and mechanical study. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Chemically Activated Materials, Gold Coast, Australia, 8th – 13th Aug

19. Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L., van Deventer, J. S. J. (2015) The role of MgO in the phase assemblage of alkali-activated synthetic precursors within the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Beijing, China, 13th Oct – 16th Oct

20. Walkley, B., San Nicolas, R., Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L., van Deventer, J. S. J. (2015) Effect of MgO incorporation on the structure of synthetic alkali-activated calcium aluminosilicate binders, Concrete 2015: Proceedings of the 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia, Melbourne, Australia, 30th Aug – 2nd Sept

21. Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., San Nicolas, R., van Deventer, J. S. J (2014) Stoichiometrically controlled C-A-S-H/N-A-S-H gel blends via alkali-activation of synthetic precursors, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Cement and Concrete Science Conference, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 14th Sept – 16th Sept

22. Walkley, B., Provis, J. L., San Nicolas, R., van Deventer, J. S. J. (2014) Structural analysis of biphasic stoichiometrically controlled geopolymers, Non Traditional Cement and Concrete Conference, Brno, Czech Republic, 16th June – 19th June

Selected Invited Lectures

1. Walkley, B. (2022) Advances in understanding the gel structure of geopolymers, CIMTEC 2022 – 15th International Ceramics Congress & 9th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, 15th – 23rd June

2. Walkley, B. (2021) Building a Sustainable Future: Low-carbon cements for a circular economy, Energy Institute Conference, Sheffield, UK, 19th July

3. Walkley, B. (2019) Composition-‘local-structure’-property relationships in cements for sustainable construction and environmental remediation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, 5th Dec

4. Walkley, B. (2018) Materials for a sustainable future: Composition-‘local-structure’-property relationships in materials for energy production, storage and remediation, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy seminar series, The University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, 9th Oct

5. Walkley, B. (2018) Innovative cements for a sustainable future: Geopolymers and alkali-activated materials, Department of Architecture, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 21st Sept

6. Walkley, B. (2018) Materials for a sustainable future: Composition-‘local-structure’-property relationships in sustainable cements, World Materials Research Institute Forum Workshop for Early Career Scientists, National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom, 18th-22nd June (Awarded ‘First Prize’ in the 6th Early Career Presentation Contest by the World Materials Research Institute Forum)