References

Original authors of the images are credited in the footnotes of each page and image usage complies with CC BY-SA 3.0 as images are either confirmed as in the public domain (e.g NIH, NHS) or found with copyright restricted searches. Permission was granted upon request via email to use TeachMeAnatomy images from Dr Oliver Jones (24/04/18).

Home - Images & Information:

Banner Image: https://www.health.mil/News/Gallery/Photos/2017/06/27/3D-heart

Logo image: https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-310b3838a0d7cebf47a0dab5a8ed2678

3d animated rotation heart video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnOnzgejH_8

Learning Objectives obtained from Dr L. Buck. BMS246 Introduction to Human Anatomy. Semester 1 - Trunk. Handbook (2017-2018).

Position in Thorax - Images & Information:

Surface Markings Image: https://www.mediafamily.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/heart-location-300x231.png

Mediastinum Image: http://cdn1.teachmeseries.com/tmanatomy/wp-content/uploads/20171222220122/The-Superior-Mediastinum-and-Sternal-Angle-1024x843.jpg

Superior Mediastinum Image: http://cdn1.teachmeseries.com/tmanatomy/wp-content/uploads/20171222215833/Great-vessels1.jpg

Middle Mediastinum Image: http://cdn1.teachmeseries.com/tmanatomy/wp-content/uploads/20171222215950/Great-Vessels-of-the-Middle-Mediastinum..jpg

Pericardium Images:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Blausen_0470_HeartWall.png

http://cdn1.teachmeseries.com/tmanatomy/wp-content/uploads/20171222214610/Layers-of-the-Heart.jpg

Posterior/Anterior X-ray Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Normal_posteroanterior_%28PA%29_chest_radiograph_%28X-ray%29.jpg

Annotated posterior/anterior X-ray Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Mediastinal_structures_on_chest_X-ray%2C_annotated.jpg

Cardiac Tamponade Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Blausen_0164_CardiacTamponade_02.png

Image of x-ray of cardiac tamponade: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Tamponade.PNG

Neonatal Cardiac Tamponade Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jian-hua_qiao_md/24360463682/in/photostream/

Pericardiocentesis Video: https://youtu.be/sy6pKUJzPOk

Healthline., (2016). Cardiac Tamponade [online]. Healthline. [Viewed 5 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/cardiac-tamponade

Sanders, K., (2017). The Superior Mediastinum [online]. TeachMeAnatomy. [Viewed 5 April 2018]. Available from: http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/areas/superior-mediastinum/

Baguley, M., (2017) The Middle Mediastinum [online]. TeachMeAnatomy. [Viewed 5 April 2018]. Available from: http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/areas/middle-mediastinum/

Quinn, M., (2018) The Pericardium [online]. TeachMeAnatomy. [Viewed 5 April 2018]. Available from: http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/heart/pericardium/

Chambers & Valves - Images & Information:

Heart Chambers Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Heart_diagram-en.svg/2000px-Heart_diagram-en.svg.png

Heart Valve Images:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/2011_Heart_Valves.jpg

LABRAT Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/WT_and_TK_rat_photo.jpg

Heart Chambers During Cardiac Cycle Images: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/heart-blood-vessels-valves-step1.ashx?la=en&hash=C6372CEED2B77C9F653D10F7FC86E6EADDAAF3DC

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/3cfc9aaa50bb4635bc151df1d4929e44.ashx

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/3bf36a6137a44192a3da4e8a7967842d.ashx

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/f805faa4337d40488f9a4ecb9d5dc123.ashx

Valve Stenosis Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pulmonary_valve_stenosis.svg/2000px-Pulmonary_valve_stenosis.svg.png

Valve Regurgitation Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Mitral_Valve_Regurgitation.png

Heart Valve Replacement Surgery Video: https://youtu.be/fIbwK9_DKfU

MedlinePlus., (2018). Mitral valve regurgitation [online]. MedlinePlus. [Viewed 31 March 2018]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000176.htm

Johns Hopkins Medicine., (2016). Anatomy and Function of the Heart valves [online]. John Hopkins Medicine. [Viewed 3 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/anatomy_and_function_of_the_heart_valves_90,P03059

American Heart Association., (2016). Roles of Your Four Heart Valves [online]. American Heart Association. [Viewed 2 April 2018]. Available from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/HeartValveProblemsandDisease/Roles-of-Your-Four-Heart-Valves_UCM_450344_Article.jsp#.WttEpi7wa01

Cleveland Clinic., (2018). Heart & Blood Vessels: Your Heart Valves: How Valves Work [online]. Cleveland Clinic. [Viewed 25 March 2018]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17067-heart--blood-vessels-your-heart-valves/how-valves-work

British Heart Foundation., (2014). Heart valve disease [online]. British Heart Foundation. [Viewed 5 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/heart-valve-disease

Electrical System - Images & Information:

Frontal Plane Through Heart Image:

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images-archive-read-only/wp-content/uploads/sites/403/2015/04/21031341/2018_Conduction_System_of_Heart.jpg

Propagation Of Electrical Activity In The Heart Image:

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images-archive-read-only/wp-content/uploads/sites/403/2015/04/21031343/2019_Cardiac_ConductionN.jpg

ECG Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/SinusRhythmLabels.svg

ECG Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24UfNoTUzfw

Lumen Learning., (2012). Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity [online]. Lumen Learning. [Viewed 13 March 2018]. Available from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap2/chapter/cardiac-muscle-and-electrical-activity/

University of Bristol., (2014). The Basic ECG Trace: P, QRS & T [online]. University of Bristol. [Viewed 3 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.ole.bris.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Faculty%20of%20Health%20Sciences/MB%20ChB%20Medicine/Year%203%20Medicine%20and%20Surgery%20-%20Hippocrates/Cardiology%20-%20ECG/page_07.htm

Cardionetics., (2013). Introduction to the ECG; ECG Durations [online]. Cardionetics. [Viewed 3 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.cardionetics.com/ecg-durations

NHS Choices., (2015) Electrocardiogram (ECG) [online]. NHS Choices. [Viewed 30 March 2018]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/electrocardiogram/

Major Vessels & Coronary Circulation - Images & Information:

Aorta Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aorta#/media/File:Aorta_Anatomy.jpg

Pulmonary Trunk Image: https://cardiovascularsystemud.weebly.com/the-big-vessels.html

Superior Vena Cava Image: https://thegoofyanatomist.weebly.com/5-veins.html

Coronary Vessels Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_coronary_vessels#/media/File:2014ab_Coronary_Blood_Vessels.jpg

Aortic Aneurysm Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aortic_aneurysm.jpg

Coronary Angiography Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coronary_Angiography.png

Boron & Boulpaep Medical Physiology 3rd Edition (2016 Elsevier)

TeachMe Ltd (http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/heart/)

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/)

S. Aggarwal, et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: A comprehensive review. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology. 2011;16(1):11-15.

E.D. Grech. Pathophysiology and investigation of coronary artery disease. BMJ. 2003;326:1027

Internal Structures - Images & Information:

Internal Structures Dissection Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010_Chordae_Tendinae_Papillary_Muscles.jpg

Mitral Valve Prolapse Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitralvalve_prolapse.gif

Boron & Boulpaep Medical Physiology 3rd Edition (2016 Elsevier)

TeachMe Ltd (http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/heart/)

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/)

M. De Bonis, et al.Treatment and management of mitral regurgitation. Nature Reviews Cardiology . 2012;9:133–146

C. Milington-Sanders, et al. Structure of Chordae Tendineae in the Left Ventricle of the Human Heart. Journal of Anatomy .1998; 192:573–581.

Fetal Heart - Images & Information:

Foramen Ovale Image: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17326-patent-foramen-ovale-pfo

Ductus Arterious Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neonatal_Heart_Circulation.png

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Catheter Treatment Image: https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3232537_IPC-5-1-g005&req=4

Fetal Circulation Summary Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2139_Fetal_Circulation.jpg

Boron & Boulpaep Medical Physiology 3rd Edition (2016 Elsevier)

TeachMe Ltd (http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/heart/)

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/)

M. C. Leiva, et al.Fetal cardiac development and hemodynamics in the first trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;14:169–174

D. Connuck, et al .Incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale in normal infants. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(2):244-7.

Glossary, Quizzes, Flash Cards, Feedback & References - Images & Information:

Banner Image: https://www.health.mil/News/Gallery/Photos/2017/06/27/3D-heart

Boron & Boulpaep Medical Physiology 3rd Edition (2016 Elsevier)

TeachMe Ltd (http://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/heart/)

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/)