consequence (noun) a result or effect of something

• Sample Sentence: Being out of breath is a normal consequence of running up many stairs.

• Turn and Talk: What is a negative consequence of winning the World Series, Super Bowl, or NBA championship?

undernourished (adjective) without enough food for health or growth

• Sample Sentence: Genetically engineering food could help feed the 800 million undernourished people in the world.

• Turn and Talk: What can people do to help undernourished members of their community?

extract (verb) to remove

• Sample Sentence: The archaeologist carefully extracted the fossil from the ground.

• Turn and Talk: Why might a dentist have to extract a person’s tooth?

*extract (noun) a product made of the active ingredient of something

• Sample Sentence: Many cookie and cake recipes call for vanilla extract.

• Turn and Talk: Would you rather use herbal extracts or medication to cure a headache? Explain.

modify (verb) to make changes to, to alter

• Sample Sentence: Many of our favorite foods contain ingredients that have been genetically modified.

• Turn and Talk: How can a person modify his behavior to make more friends?

DNA (noun) an abbreviated name for deoxyribonucleic acid, the part of plants and animals that carries genetic information inside each cell

• Sample Sentence: Engineers extract a gene from one plant and put it into another plant’s DNA.

• Turn and Talk: Do you think everyone should have to register their DNA with the government? Why or why not?

*alternate part of speech