Mrs. Pennacchia - 3A - Social Studies

VOCABULARY (Lessons 10 - 13)

weather - what is happening in the outdoor air, such as rain, snow, wind, sun, temperature, and so on

atmosphere - the air that surrounds the earth made of different gases

meteorologists - people who study Earth’s weather patterns and predict the weather

forecast - to predict or suggest what will occur in a future event, such as the weather

severe - something that is very bad, harsh, or undesirable, such as the weather

Climate - the average weather an area has over a long period of time, such as 30 years

tropical - wet and hot
dry - not much rain; desert-like
moderate / temperate - warm summers and mild winters
continental - warm summers and cold winters
polar - cold summers; very cold winters

region - an area of land in a country or among countries that has a common feature

tourist - a person who travels to places on vacation or for pleasure

producers - people or businesses that make, grow, or provide goods and services

consumers - people who buy goods and services for personal use

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natural resource - a substance found in nature, such as soil, sand, and minerals, from which people

make products

raw material - substance in its natural state that is used to make products, such as paper from wood

renewable - a natural resource that can be replaced or does not run out, such as trees

non-renewable - a natural resource that cannot be replaced, such as oil or coal

extinct - an animal species that is no longer in existence

pollute - to place harmful substances (things) into the air or water or onto the land

survival - to remain alive; to continue to exist

conservation - protecting the Earth’s natural resources for future use

preserve - to keep something in its original condition; to protect something

environment - everything around us; all living and non-living things that surround us, such as air,

water, plants, animals, and buildings

erosion - the wearing away and removal of Earth’s landforms by wind, water, and ice

fossil fuels - natural resources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed long ago from the remains of

plants and animals

survive - continue to live and exist

Social Studies (Lessons #1- 3)

In addition to the vocabulary, here are some other important facts to know:

1) There are five themes to geography: location, place, relationships, movement, and region.

*be able to match to picture (page 2 in workbook)

2) Know the difference between a physical and a political map.

3) Seventy-one percent (71%) of the Earth’s surface is water.

4) Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the Earth’s surface is land.

5) Ninety-seven percent (97%) of the water on Earth is salt water.

6) Three percent (3%) of the water on Earth is freshwater. These can be found in rivers, lakes,

and streams.

7) There are seven continents and five oceans.

VOCABULARY (Lessons 1, 2, and 3)

geography: the study of the Earth’s land, water, air, and living things (humans, plants, and

animals

features: things that identify an aspect of a person, place, or thing

geographers: people who are trained to study the Earth’s physical and political features and how

people are influenced by or influence these features

communities: geographic areas with borders where people live under some form of government

political: in geography, refers to the governments and borders of countries

physical: in geography, things that are related to nature or natural things

borders: an imaginary line that divides two countries, states, counties, or cities

physical features: natural features of the Earth’s surface such as oceans, mountains, and deserts

natural: something created by nature; something not made or caused by humans

globe: a round object; a round map of the Earth placed on a globe

distort: to pull or twist out of shape

visual: describes something that is seen, such as images and pictures

data: a set of numbers or facts organized onto charts and graphs

satellite: natural or human-made objects that circle or orbit the planets or stars

planet: a large round, or nearly round, object that circles (orbits) a star

continent: a very large area of land; there are seven continents located on planet Earth

ocean: a very large body of salt water; there are five oceans located on planet Earth

represent: a sign or symbol that stands for something; to act or speak for a group

region: an area of land in a country or among countries that has a common feature

compare: to look at or examine two things to see how they are the same or different

islands: areas of land completely surrounded by water