Ratio and Proportion

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you should be able to;

define ratio and proportion and explain how it is used in business.
compare and differentiate ratio and rate.
differentiate direct proportion, indirect/inverse proportion, and partitive proportion, and apply them in business.

Ratios are generally used inn business in cases of partnership sharing of profits and losses. Assume that Xander, Yoly, and Zeny are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 1:2:3, respectively. If the partnership incurred a net loss of ₱10 000.00 for the month, the share of the partners in the loss would be:

Xander = 1/6 x ₱10 000.00 = ₱1 667.00

Yoly = 2/6 x ₱10 000.00 = ₱3 333.00

Zeny = 3/6 x ₱10 000.00 = ₱5 000.00

6/6 ₱10 000.00

Take note that if we add the ratios, we get 6/6 or one, which means one whole. It is the total of the shares if added giving us ₱10 000.00.

CONCEPTS/GENERALIZATION w/ EXAMPLES

RATIO

Ratio is the relation between two numbers or two magnitudes of the same kind. The expression 1:2 (read as "one is to two"), 1/2, 1 ÷ 2, indicate ratios. We are actually comparing or showing the relationship between 1 and 2. When we say, for example, that there are twice as many married employees as single employees, we mean that the ratio of married to single employees is 2:1, where 2 represents married employees and 1 represents single employees.

There are 2 ways of finding the ratio:

Examples

PROPORTION

Proportion refers to the equality between ratios. The following are proportions:

Three types of Proportions

Direct proportion - a number is directly proportionate to another when as one value increases, so does the other.
Indirect/inverse proportion - a number is indirectly proportionate to another when as one value increases, the other decreases.
Partitive proportion - involves identifying parts of a whole based on a given ratio of these parts.

EVALUATION

Please copy and answer the following on a sheet of paper. Include your solutions when submitting. Make sure your handwriting is readable. Take a picture then submit it on Google Classroom.

MAKE IT A HABIT TO FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS.

A basketball team won 12 games and lost 3 games.

a. What is the ratio of games won to total games played?

b. What is the ratio of games won to the games lost?

c. What is the ratio of games lost to games played?

d. What is the ratio of games lost to games won?

Arthur spends his salary of ₱4 000.00 for food, clothing, recreation, and savings, which are in the ratio 20:15:48:37, respectively, How much does he spend for each category?
A recipe uses 10 cups of flour for every 4 cups of sugar. If one wants to make a recipe using 8 cups of flour, how much sugar does one need?
Of the total students in a certain town, the ratio of elementary students, high school students, and college students is 3:2:5. If there is a total of 650 students, how many are elementary students? High school students? College students?

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