{computer numerical control}
A CNC machine is a motorized manoeuvrable tool and often a motorized manoeuvrable platform, which are both controlled by a computer, according to specific input instructions. Instructions are delivered to a CNC machine in the form of a sequential program of machine control instructions such as G-code and M-code
First of all lets start with designing the CNC Machine
We using fusion 360 to designing the full body of the CNC Machine to make it 3D printed parts then using 3D printer to print it.
First making skitch on the X axis for about 14 CM square then extrude it for about 4mm thickness then make sec new skitch on the top of the extruded body and the top square lines then make offset for about 4 mm to make sides to hold the BCP in side of it .
Second, make square18 cm and sides about 14 mm thickness to make the bottom holder of the machine insert the stepper motor into the currant design then make new skitch on the top of the motor and project the lines and the circles then cut through one of the bottom sides the holes and you can make stepper holder by selecting the sides of the stepper motor and cut through the bottom for about 7mm thickness ;but finding out make holder for the motor is more recommended option in case you want to replace the motor more easy.
Third insert all the parts that needed for CNC Machine ( stepper motors 3 X nema 17 ,dc motor 775 ,8mm Bearing ,Mount coupler.....) you can download all needed parts from the button below ; make new skitch on the BCP holder Body then make circle for about 5mm in diameter and extrude it as new body to centre the DC motor on it to be sure that the DC motor exactly at the midpoint of the BCP holder or the Y axis bed.
Make skitch on one of the sides to make the horizontal arms to hold the X axis movement on it ,after cut through the bottom two sides for about 7cm square ,make new body and extrude it for about 7mm thickness ,then make another skitch on this bodes and make circles about 5mm in diameter to make space for screws .
select the four circles then cut through the two sides to make holes for screws, then make new skitch on the top of each side of the two arms then extrude them for about 18cm in length ,then do the same vertically to make them like (L) up side down like shown in the images .
To place the stepper motor make new skitch on the top of the place that you want to place it , then make circle at the centre and extrude it for about 1 cm as new body then move the stepper motor to the centre of this body; make new skitch on the stepper motor and take project foe the lines and circles and make extrude it for about 2 cm as new body to make stand for the motor.
Make extrude to the two sides for making holes for four sides screws to attach this body holder to the CNC body , then make new skitch on the top of the stepper motor holder ,then make four holes for about 3mm in dimeter and after centred this body select the screw hols and from extrude tool chose cut and cut through the tow bodies to make place for screws.
To make holder for X axis make new skitch on the bottom of the stepper motor and make project for lines of the motor then use offset tool then select the lines that you have projected before and make offset for it for about 4mm then make extrude for it to cover up all the stepper motor then extrude it again for about more 4mm to make the bottom caver and joint it to the sides caver , and cut the place for pins connection and give it more 2mm in cut to make sure that the connection more easer.
After insert the nuts for X axis make new skitch and make projects to the nuts then make lines and connect those to body of stepper motor then extrude the skitch for about 4mm as shown in the image ; Make new skitch on the DC motor 775 and make project to the circle shape of the motor then make offset of this circle for abut 0.5mm this will be as diameter of the DC motor.
Make skitch and extrude new body to make body holder for DC motor 775 then make new skitch in between the space as shown in the second image then make two circles and make the diameter is about 3mm the from extrude tool chose cut and cut through the holder then make extra hexagonal shape for screw nuts .
Make skitch on the nut and project the circles then make extra lines to connect from it to the body of DC motor , extrude the skitch as shown in the second image , make extrude to connect the bodes together ,then make form from form tool to make smooth surface.
Make place for bearing and smooth rod and make new skitch on one side of smooth rod then extrude the skitch to make body holder , to hold the rod in it ; copy this body as the same number of smooth rod X 2 to hold it from the both sides.
After placing the bearing make skitch and project the dimension then hide bearings and extrude the skitch to make holder for bearing. Make skitch under the BCP holder bed and project the dimension of bearings and make extrude to the skitch ;Make four stands as bases for X axis to connect the second smooth rod as shown in the third image.
After tons of editing and extruding we finished up with this awesome CNC machine
Now we will discover the component and the hardware process.
Lead Screw T8 Lead 2mm Pitch 2mm X1
ER11 Collet Chuck Motor Shaft Spindle Extension Rod Adapter Inner 5MM
in this part we will assemble the parts to gather to make the machine .
First we cut the right diminution of the smooth rod to fit them into the three Axis (X,Y,Z) of the machine, then insert two of them in parallel inside the bearing of the bed which is Y axis ; scraping the place of the bearing before insert the bearing to make it fits well.
scraping the place of the bearing before insert the bearing to make it fits well; The holder part of the lead-screw brakes when we inserting the lead-screw so to fix this problem make skitch on the part that we want then export it as ( DXF ) file from fusion 360 then import the file to laser work software to cut it using laser cutting machine.
to cut the top cover of the BCP first make skitch on fusion 360 then export the file as ( DXF )file then import the file to laser work software to cut it using laser cutting machine.
Using scaling screw to make place for the screws then connect the Acrylic laser cutter parts; after finished assemble all the component it's time for panting so choosing two colour ( BLACK & GOLD ).
After inserting all nuts in side the string to hold the string between two point to make it easier to paint them all at ones ; before panting be sure to put the Mask first to avoid un wanted paint gasses ; after finish panting the part and give them some time to dry assemble the parts to gather ; in the Z axis the place of the screws was a pit bigger so there is a way to fix this problem first insert the nut in the screw then _
put the hot solder tool on the screw after putting the screw in the right place and add a small amount of pressure until all the nut be inside the plastic and make some scaling to the extra plastic.
We designed our circuit and PCB on autodesk eagle. In this section we discuss the design of the circuit schematic, its function, and why we chose the specific components
Now we will discover the whole process together.
We want to design a CNC board such that it has these functionalities:
It can be programmed and controlled directly by our computer.
It can be used to control the stepper motors.
It has a single power source that feeds both the microcontroller circuit and the stepper motors.
We can control the microsteps manually from the board.
The board should have protection and noise filtering due to it mixing both high power and low power circuits.
The power circuit is simple. It connects a power jack with 12V power, which feeds a 5V regulator.
We have two parallel decoupling capacitors for noise filtering. We use an electrolytic capacitor for its high capacitance to filter out the noise, and parallel with it a ceramic capacitor due to its low ESR (Estimated Series Resistance).
The microcontroller circuit is the typical ATMEGA328P microcontroller circuit, with two decoupling capacitors next to the ATMEGA328 to filter voltage spikes from the high voltage circuit.
The circuit has pin headers for the ISP programmer and the FTDI programmer. The ISP programmer is used once for the uploading and updating the bootloader. The FTDI programmer is used for programming and controlling the board.
We use the A4988 Motor Driver with Heatsink. Each Motor driver has a decoupling capacitor near it to filter the voltage spikes from the motor's electromagnetic noise.
The microstep pins have dipswitches attached to them for the users to manually adjust the microstep from the board.
We used computer aided manufacturing to create some geometric footprints (G-code) that our controller can understand and deal with it efficiently.
Now we will discover the whole process together.
GRBL is a combination between hardware drivers and main algorithm that is used to control our system and make it behave as precise as possible.
In this part we will showing how to uploading the code and make configuration between the PC & CNC Machine .
First download the library of the ( GRBL file ) then open Arduino IDE software then from tool menu click on File then ►► Examples ►► grblupload;
Frome laserGRBL you can adjust the movement distance to make the movement accurate ; form the tool menu choose connect then ►► Grbl , then►► Grbl configuration, then seton { 800 }
X-axis travel resolution to be 800
Y-axis travel resolution 800
Z-axis travel resolution 800
then close ( laser GRBL ) software and open candle software and import the SVG file that you make on ( Carbide Create V6 ) in our case we make square; before sending the Gcode to the machine set the origin point of the three axis (X,Y,Z) then save it from two button (zero XY , zero Z ) then press send then press pause to send the order to the machine; also you can insert png file in ( Carbide Create V6 ) software and transformant it as SVG file and make Gcode from it.
Thanks' to all the Team and for every one support us in this journey LOVE U ALL
and always USE YOUR IMAGINATION .