Final Project Journal
Final Project Journal
Embedded Files
Project Ideation
Project Ideation
1- Tell us about the idea of your project. Why do you care about this? What were you inspired by? Include images and videos of similar projects
1- Tell us about the idea of your project. Why do you care about this? What were you inspired by? Include images and videos of similar projects
سِـدرة SEDRA
"Sedra" : a smart pergola inspired by the Sidr tree that provides shade.
The working mechanism is inspired by a hand fan that folds over each other to form the desired shape.
As part of achieving sustainability, the pergola also preserves Arab and Islamic identity through its design elements
Kufic Arabic calligraphy
Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect
the symbolism of the octagon in the Holy Quran : "وَيَحْمِلُ عَرْشَ رَبِّكَ فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ ثَمَٰنِيَةٌ "
Project Construction
Project Construction
2- Explain the CAD process of your project. How did you use the software to design your project? (List the softwares/tools/materials...etc that you used)
2- Explain the CAD process of your project. How did you use the software to design your project? (List the softwares/tools/materials...etc that you used)
Materials & Machine
plywood 3mm
PLA plastic filament
creality ender 3 pro
El Malky ML149 CO2 Laser Cutter
software
fusion 360
Ultimaker Cura
laser cad v8.21
Autocad
Drawing steps on Fusion
starting by drawing base sides
then drawing the side support
drawing the brackets which is link side support with the base
and then drawing the main rod
the link between the side support and the main rod
drawing the rotating panel and it's link with the main rod
then drawing the second panel and make 2 copies of it
chair drawings
The final product
Final enclosure : using the Joint tool to joint all the parts together (Rigid - Revolute) then added the Electronics
3- Explain the fabrication process of your project. How did you use the machine to fabricate your project? (List the softwares/tools/materials...etc that you used)
3- Explain the fabrication process of your project. How did you use the machine to fabricate your project? (List the softwares/tools/materials...etc that you used)
Laser cutting
Uploading the DXF files into LaserCAD and adjust settings to
cut | speed = 10 , power = 65
Engrave | speed = 300 , power = 40
Speed cut | speed = 300 , power = 55
Drawing patterns on AutoCAD and entering them in dxf format on lasercad
3D Printing
Uploading STL files on Ultimaker Cura and adjusting the settings
layer thickness= 0.2
infill =8
make a support for the cylinder
cutting process
video
WhatsApp Video 2025-03-14 at 6.03.25 PM.mp4Final result
Final result
Final product
Project Electronics & Power Management
Project Electronics & Power Management
4- Describe your electronic circuit. What are the input and action components? What is the function of each? How do the components integrate together to form your smart system? (List the softwares/tools/components...etc that you used)
4- Describe your electronic circuit. What are the input and action components? What is the function of each? How do the components integrate together to form your smart system? (List the softwares/tools/components...etc that you used)
Fritzing
Arduino IDE
5V Adaptor
Arduino UNO
Jampers
Red Led
Resistor
DHT11 Sensor
LDR Sensor
Stepper motor & Driver
Breadboard
Input Components:
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
Measures temperature and humidity levels.
Provides input data to decide when to open or close the pergola.
light-dependent resistors
Detects the lights.
If light is detected, the pergola closes automatically to protect the space below.
3. Power Supply Module
Provides power to the components via the breadboard.
Action Components:
Stepper Motor with Driver Module
Controls the movement of the pergola panels.
Based on sensor readings, it either opens or closes the pergola.
LED Indicator
Acts as a status indicator.
used to show when the pergola is operating.
circuit on Real
circuit on Real
circuit on Fritzing
circuit on Fritzing
The sensors (DHT11 and LDR sensor) feed environmental data into the Arduino.
The Arduino processes the data and, based on predefined conditions ( high temperature, rain detected), decides whether to activate the stepper motor.
The driver board allows the Arduino to control the motor efficiently.
A power module provides the necessary voltage levels for different components.
An LED indicator is included to show system activity.
5- What is your power source? How did you select the suitable power source for your project? (List the softwares/tools/components...etc that you used)
5- What is your power source? How did you select the suitable power source for your project? (List the softwares/tools/components...etc that you used)
Arduino Uno operates at 5V.
DHT11 Sensor and LDR require 5V.
Stepper Motor typically operates at 5V.
Motor Driver requires a separate power input, usually 5V
Final Power Choice
5V DC Adapter (for Arduino and sensors).
5V DC Adapter (for the stepper motor).
Project Programming
Project Programming
6- Describe the code of your project. How did you program each function of the project?
6- Describe the code of your project. How did you program each function of the project?
The Arduino reads temperature and light using the DHT11 and LDR.
It compares readings with predefined thresholds.
Based on conditions, it moves the pergola using a stepper motor.
LED status indicator signals whether the pergola is moving.
A 3-second delay prevents excessive updates
WhatsApp Video 2025-03-14 at 9.12.53 PM.mp4
Stepper.h: Controls the stepper motor.
DHT.h: Reads data from the DHT11 temperature sensor.
LDR_PIN: Connected to A0, reads ambient light levels.
DHT_PIN: Connected to digital pin 2, reads temperature.
ledWPin: LED output for system status.
Stepper motor setup using ULN2003 driver with control pins 8, 9, 10, 11.
2038 steps per revolution for precise movement.
Starts Serial Monitor for debugging.
Sets LED pin as output.
Initializes the DHT sensor.
Sets the motor speed (5 RPM for smooth movement).
Prints system status messages for monitoring.
Reads light intensity (LDR gives values 0-1023).
Reads temperature from DHT11.
If it is bright (LDR < 700) OR hot (temperature > 30°C):
Rotates stepper motor clockwise to open the pergola.
Turns LED ON (to indicate movement).
If it is dark (LDR > 900) OR cold (temperature < 25°C):
Rotates stepper motor counterclockwise to close the pergola.
Turns LED OFF (system is idle).
Project Integration & Testing
Project Integration & Testing
7- Demonstrate with text and visuals how did you integrate the project’s modules together? What are the testing results? (Include a Demo video separately, showing a proof of functionality)
7- Demonstrate with text and visuals how did you integrate the project’s modules together? What are the testing results? (Include a Demo video separately, showing a proof of functionality)
testFunctionality Check: Each sensor was tested individually to ensure correct readings.
Motor Response: The stepper motor successfully rotates based on light and temperature variations.
Real-time Monitoring: Serial output logs sensor values and motor actions, confirming expected behavior.
Final System Test: The pergola adjusts its position under different environmental conditions, confirming automation.
Sharing & Collaboration
Sharing & Collaboration
8- Did you ask for feedback? What are the ideas that others have contributed or suggested? What was someone else’s idea that you built upon? How did you help your peers? How did your peers help you?
8- Did you ask for feedback? What are the ideas that others have contributed or suggested? What was someone else’s idea that you built upon? How did you help your peers? How did your peers help you?
Ostazzzz MEGO helped me a lot in making the mechanism.
Farah and Menna helped me solve the code problems as usual.🥲
I can't forget Dina's constant support.
Grateful to all of them and the whole team🫡
Overcoming Challenges
Overcoming Challenges
9- When you got stuck, what/who did you turn to? At what point did you have to pause to research or learn more before moving on? What are some mistakes, pitfalls, or challenges that others can avoid if they were doing this project?
9- When you got stuck, what/who did you turn to? At what point did you have to pause to research or learn more before moving on? What are some mistakes, pitfalls, or challenges that others can avoid if they were doing this project?
The challenge
The toughest challenge was figuring out how to assemble the first mechanism I worked on.
But it was difficult because it would take about two days of continuous printing.
its dimensions were larger than the machine itself.
The solution
was to change the mechanism by replacing the printed parts with wooden pieces and adding support from the sides.
Future Work
Future Work
10- If you had more time, what is one thing you would change/ Do next in your project?
10- If you had more time, what is one thing you would change/ Do next in your project?
I think I would have spent more time thinking about a mechanism that was easy to use and install.
Final Project Design Files
Final Project Design Files
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