Through data collected within my research, I used a method of counting up all of the tally marks for each player in order to accurately analyze the data I had collected from my research.
This histogram (Figure 1) shows a clear distinction in commentary levels. It is clearly seen that Rybakina and Jabeur received the highest commentary scores in comparison to the other players. However, these female tennis athletes also had a lot of commentary on categories such as mentions of family and comparison to each other and other tennis players. Rybakina and Jabeur both had an equal number of comments on their on-court action, which was 14. However, they both also had the leading number of comments or camera views of their family.
Figure 1: This chart represents a histogram of the commentary of data collected from data collection. The bars show the number of times each categories was commentated on for each player. Highleted players represent male tennis athletes, while underlined names represent female tennis athletes.
Table 1: This table represents my process for data collection as I conducted my research. I created different commentary categories based on what I observed from the matches and from previous research and placed tally marks under each category each time any of the was mentioned for each player. I also added in quotes of important commentary that I noticed while watching the matches.
As shown in pink in (Table 1), Emma Raducanu, one of the very few Chinese tennis players (Table 2), received lower commentary in comparison to the other female tennis players. Out of the three pieces of commentary that she did receive, 2 were regarding her wardrobe or fashion, and 1 was regarding her emotions on-court after or during play.
As represented in blue in (Table 1), Frances Tiafoe, a Black tennis player for the United States (Table 2), however, received the most commentary out of most of the male tennis players examined in this research. However, most of his media coverage pertained to his form and techniques rather than his on-court action and tennis history or background. While 4 of the comments pertained to his form, only 1 comment pertained to his on-court action. He also received comparison commentary twice while he was playing against his opponent, Maximilian Marterer.
Table 2: This table represents the demographic breakdown for each player, showing their gender, age, and ethnicity to allow for a better visual for comparing commentary data for each individual.
What do these results mean?
From the data I have been able to gather, there seems to be an association between gender and types of commentary categories mentioned. However, there does not seem to be a clearly defined distinction between the commentary of those of different races and ages. Therefore, my original hypothesis that younger white male tennis players would receive more commentary does not have sufficient evidence to support it. This is also because during my viewing of the matches, the women’s singles’ final match between Rybakina and Jabeur had a great amount of commentary. However the men’s singles’ final match between Djokovic and Kyrgios yielded almost no commentary, let alone commentary that I could use for my data and data analysis. Almost all of the players received an equal amount of commentary. Not only this, but commentary evidence from Rybakina and Jabeur’s match lead to possible rejection of my hypothesis because they received the most commentary out of any other player that I examined within the Wimbledon tournament.
Limitations?
Although my research was kept free from bias as much as was possible, there were some limitations. One of these being that there were not enough people of other races present within the Wimbledon tournament to fully analyze for my research. As seen by the previous chart that shows the number of tennis players who fall within each race, most tennis players are white. There are only a select few that fall under other race categories. Since my project focuses on the idea of comparing people of other races to those of the white race, this was a limitation to my research because there wasn’t a wide range of other-race people that could fall within my random samples. Another limitation was that some of the matches that were randomly selected to be a part of my sample were not published in full. This forced me to analyze incomplete data for the matches. However, since I was already analyzing a large sample size of matches, this was accounted for by the large sample, and the data can still be generalized to the larger population of professional tennis athletes. Additionally, one other limitation that I had with my project was that my project circled around the idea of commentary differences between those of different races and ages. The gap in my research was almost no research done on how age affects differences in commentary. However, even with the research that I conducted, I could not find a clear association between differences in commentary and different ages of tennis players. In addition to this, many of the tennis players that I examined were all around the same age, with exceptions of Djokovic (35) and Raducanu (19). This did not give me sufficient data to support a hypothesis that age is a factor in how different age groups in tennis are commentated on differently.
What is contributed to the academic conversation?
There is some supporting evidence from my data that there could potentially be varied commentary for those of different races. As mentioned before, Frances Tiafoe and Emma Raducanu were the main tennis players within my data that were of different races. Raducanu, being a female tennis player, received on average lower commentary to that of Frances Tiafoe.
However, the commentary that Tiafoe did receive did not pertain to his on-court action. Instead, there was more commentary comparing him to that of his opponent, Marterer. Along with this, his family was mentioned more often. This goes against the overall idea that male tennis athletes receive more coverage on their on-court action.
Implications?
Due to this data, it can potentially be concluded that differences in commentary between those of different races are rising. Because of this, measures need to be taken in order to prevent this from getting to the full extreme of differences in commentary and media coverage between different races.
Even though my data does not give supporting evidence for a correlation between age and race and commentary differences, societal values still have to be altered in order to form a more inclusive environment. There is sufficient evidence for how gender impacts commentary as seen through previous research. These commentary differences between those of different genders have to be alleviated somehow. Through this research, awareness can be brought to the idea of gender differences with commentary in tennis and other sports in order to implement ways to reduce the differences in media coverage and types of commentary.
Why should people care?
Although my data does not give complete supporting evidence on whether race and age play a role in how tennis players are covered during their matches, effective preventative measures must be taken in order to prevent the full extreme of these differences. My research is based on the idea that there is more to these commentary differences than just gender. For this to be alleviated, research has to be spread to others to give them an understanding of how this is negatively impacted in society. Even though this is only being seen in sports commentary right now, it allows for wider spread discrimination throughout other areas, such as in the workforce. Through this research, these negative impacts can be reduced in order to gain a more inclusive environment where everyone is treated equally and with the same respect. Without facing these experiences and the widespread knowledge nothing can be done to aid in reducing the negative impacts that these experiences have on society as a whole.
What was the most important research skill you developed as a result of this process, and how might you apply it to your future endeavors?
Throughout my research journey, I struggled a lot with communicating with peers and teachers in order to aid myself in my research process. However, as time went on, I got more comfortable with communicating my topic and reaching out for help whenever I needed it. So, one of the most important research skills I developed as a result of this research process was communication skills. Even within research, despite the fact that this was an individual project, any research requires some level of collaboration with mentors and peers. Communication skills are necessary for any field of work that one goes into. Within my future endeavors, I expect, and hope, to be able to communicate with my pears, coworkers, teachers, etc. in order to communicate my findings and ideas.
If you could revisit your research process, what would you do differently and why?
One thing I would do differently would be to look at a wider range of tournaments within tennis. This is because, as previously mentioned, my research questions specifically focused on how race/ethnicity, along with age, play a role in commentary differences between tennis athletes of different genders. However, the problem was that there weren't many other-race people within the Wimbledon tournament to accurately examine. So, obtaining a wider range of samples that contain players from a wide range of tennis tournaments will further allow me to provide an accurate analysis on whether race actually does play a role on commentary differences because there will be more diversity in the new sample that is collected if I were to revisit my research process.
How did you handle the uncertainty of the research process?
Even though the research process was a little stressful at times, I worked on communicating with my peers in order to alleviate some of that stress. Originally, I was planning on completing a science-based project that would look at and examine the effects of a supplemental antidepressant drug on fruit fly development and birth rates. However, I was falling extremely behind in my research and was unable to follow through with this project. So, I was advised to switch topics completely.
That was when I switched to something that was related to tennis. This is because tennis is a strong passion of mine, as I played for the school for two years and have continued to play with my friends outside of school. I started my inquiries on tennis and found research on differences in commentary for those of different genders within individuals' tennis matches.
By switching to a topic that better related to me and was more passionate for me, I was able to fully follow through with my research and data collection, and I was able to overcome these specific uncertainties within my research process.
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