PERSPECTIVE TAKING

Purpose: What kind of thinking does this routine encourage?

This routine helps students see and explore multiple perspectives. It helps them understand that different people can have different kinds of connections to the same thing, and that these different connections influence what people see and think.

Application: When and where can it be used? 

The routine works well with topics and artworks that deal with complex issues. It also works well when students are having a hard time seeing other perspectives or when things seem like there are only two sides to an issue. The routine can be used to open discussions about dilemmas and other controversial issues.

Purpose: What kind of socio-emotional learning and thinking does this routine encourage? 

Creating Space for Learning is designed to foster a disposition toward selfunderstanding, self-direction and mindful, compassionate concentration. Through consistent use, students are likely to develop a greater awareness and capacity to talk about their thoughts and feelings. They are likely to develop greater agency in selfregulating their emotions and attention. In addition, students might experience a greater sense of well-being and an appreciation for full engagement in learning.

Application: When and where can I use it? 

Creating Space for Learning can be used at the start of a school day, or before transitioning into a learning experience that would especially benefit from student presence and concentration. When preparing to use this routine, you may consider inviting students to stand, shake out their legs and arms, and stretch for a moment. Afterwards, students can settle into a seated place, draw a circle in their notebook, and begin taking a few deep breathes. During the breathing and notice phase, students might find it helpful to close their eyes initially, before jotting down their initial notices. Facilitators may also choose to join students in taking deep breathes and checking in internally

Purpose: Why use this routine? 

This routine helps students flesh out an idea or proposition and eventually evaluate it. 

Application: When and where can I use it? 

This routine works well to explore various sides and facets of a proposition or idea prior to taking a stand or expressing an opinion on it. For instance, the school may be considering the idea of a dress code, a teacher might present the class with idea of altering the room arrangement, a character in a book might be confronted with making a choice, a politician might be putting forth a new way of structuring taxes, and so on.

Purpose: What kind of thinking does this routine encourage? 

This routine helps students connect new ideas to those they already have and encourages them to reflect upon how they have extended their thinking as a result of what they are learning about or experiencing. 

Application: When and where can I use it? 

Use this routine when you want students to make explicit connections to something previously learned or experienced. Since it is designed to help students process new information actively, it works well as the conclusion to lessons in which students have been reading, watching videos, or otherwise taking in new information. Another approach is to use the routine to close the discussion of a topic or unit of study in order to help students synthesize the information. Some questions you might consider in your planning: Are there connections to be made between this content and what students already know? Will students be engaging with new information that they might find challenging? 

Purpose: What kind of thinking does this routine encourage? 

This routine helps students to reflect on their thinking about a topic or issue and explore how and why that thinking has changed. It can be useful in consolidating new learning as students identify their new understandings, opinions, and beliefs. By examining and explaining how and why their thinking has changed, students are developing their reasoning abilities and recognizing causal relationships. 

Application: When and where can I use it? 

This routine can be used whenever students’ initial thoughts, opinions, or beliefs are likely to have changed as a result of instruction or experience. For instance, after reading new information, watching a film, listening to a speaker, experiencing something new, having a class discussion, at the end of a unit of study, and so on.

Purpose: What kind of thinking does this routine encourage?

 This routine encourages students to make careful observations and thoughtful interpretations. It helps stimulate curiosity and sets the stage for inquiry. 

Application: When and where can I use it? 

Use this routine when you want students to think carefully about why something looks the way it does or is the way it is. Use the routine at the beginning of a new unit to motivate student interest or try it with an object that connects to a topic during the unit of study. Consider using the routine with an interesting object near the end of a unit to encourage students to further apply their knowledge and ideas.

Purpose: What kind of thinking does this routine encourage?

 This routine encourages students to think about something, such as a problem, question or topic, and then articulate their thoughts. The Think, Pair, Share routine promotes understanding through active reasoning and explanation. Because students are listening to and sharing ideas, Think, Pair, Share encourages students to understand multiple perspectives. 

Application: When and where can I use it? 

Think, Pair, Share can be applied at any given moment in the classroom. For example, when approaching a solution, solving a math problem, before a science experiment, or after reading a passage or chapter of a book you may ask students to take a moment to think about a particular question or issue and then turn to their neighbor and share their thoughts. Sharing can also be done in small groups. Some times you will want to have pairs or groups summarize their ideas for the whole class.

Purpose: What kind of thinking does this routine encourage? 

This routine activates prior knowledge, generates ideas and curiosity, and prepares students for deeper inquiry. 

Application: When and where can I use it? 

This routine works especially well when introducing a new topic, concept, or theme in the classroom. It helps students recall what they already think they know about the topic and then invites them to identify puzzling questions or areas of interest to pursue. This routine can help you gauge students’ current understanding of a topic and inform your subsequent lesson planning. You might return to this thinking routine throughout the study of a topic to surface changes in student conceptions.