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DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
The project consists of the design of a linear plastic bottle sealing and labeling machine, which, by means of a pneumatic system composed of two pistons fed by a compressor, seals the plastic bottles with pressure caps, after which they are transported to the labeling process in which, by means of a system of pressure rollers, they are labeled. Systems that are programmed by means of an intelligent relay (LOGO).
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
GENERAL:
Present a model of bottle sealing and labeling machine, for the demonstration of its operation and application, so that it performs the process of labeling and sealing plastic bottles, by means of a pneumatic drive system, through digital research.
SPECIFICS:
Demonstrate the knowledge and achievements accomplished in the different modules taught, specifically in the application module of pneumatic processes and intelligent relay programming, through the development of the bottle sealing and labeling machine.
Design a three-dimensional and two-dimensional model of the machine, by means of a computer-aided design program.
Show the different parts of the research of the proposed project, through a site or web page provided by the educational institution.
MACHINE OPERATION
MACHINE OPERATION
Before starting to work with the machine, it must be energized and all its protections activated so that all the control components can be brought aligned and allow its operation.
Once this is done, the machine can be started by pressing the start button, which emits a signal or a pulse that is detected and interpreted by LOGO !, which, once said signal is processed, opens its first output allowing the current to flow to the contactor that A three-phase motor is connected, this by means of a system of belts and pulleys and a reduction box coupled to it, these aforementioned elements are in charge of the operation of the conveyor belt that will be transporting the bottles to the different processes that are the sealing and labeling.
BOTTLE SEALING:
Once the machine is started, the operator places the bottles manually on the conveyor belt, once the caps are placed so that they can be completely sealed. The conveyor belt takes the bottles to the first process which is their sealing.
Nearby bottles are detected by a barrier proximity sensor in which if its signal is interrupted, the receiver of said sensor sends a pulse to LOGO, which processes it and activates the first piston, which counts as a metal sheet adaptation. which works as a stop so that the bottles do not continue advancing, once the path is blocked, a limit switch is activated that sends a signal again to LOGO and after 2 seconds it activates the second piston, this piston has a nozzle with a diameter of the stopper at the tip of its stem, it is lowered with a slight force and completely seals the bottle.
After sealing, piston number 2 returns to its initial position and it sends a pulse to LOGO causing piston number 1 to return to its initial position, allowing the bottle to continue its course, thus ending the sealing process.
LABELLED:
In this process, a second operator is in charge of receiving the bottles that were previously sealed to proceed to label them.
The operator takes the bottle that was previously sealed and places it on a flat surface and then presses on a rubber plate and makes it rotate on its own axis, at this very moment the operator places the label on the bottle by turning a crank which by means of a small pulley mechanism are in charge of tightening and separating the label from its base paper and placing the label next to the bottle, after this, it is removed, obtaining as the final producer a sealed and labeled bottle.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, through research, a bottle sealing and labeling machine was made, which works mostly by pneumatic and electrical systems, controlled and interpreted by the LOGO! Program.
Likewise, the knowledge obtained throughout the module of application of pneumatic processes and programming of intelligent relays was demonstrated, through electrical and pneumatic diagrams, which demonstrate the operation of sealing and labeling of the machine.
With the use of a computer-assisted program, a three-dimensional and two-dimensional model of the machine was designed, in which its different parts are detailed.
On the other hand, through a web page, progress made in the research of the project was shown and evidenced, such advances include the objectives, justification, theoretical framework, etc.
Limits:
The situation that is being experienced by the pandemic is the biggest limitation that we have as a group because it is not possible to present the progress of the project physically.
Since all research is digital, this makes it difficult to access the amount of information about some processes such as the labeling process.
Scopes:
That the machine is capable of sealing the bottle by pressure exerted by the pistons.
Provide quality sealing and labeling that meets the necessary requirements for the handling and use of plastic bottles.
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