A Levels: Academic courses over 2 years, usually 3–4 subjects; entry: ~5 GCSEs grade 4+.
T Levels: Technical courses with classroom + work placement; entry: ~5 GCSEs grade 4+, including English & Maths.
Vocational Courses: Practical skills-based courses for work or further study; entry: ~4–5 GCSEs grade 3–4+.
Apprenticeships: Paid on-the-job training with study; entry: ~4–5 GCSEs grade 3–4+, varies by employer.