We looked at the relationship between leisure activities and eudaimonic well-being.
Our findings revealed that social leisure activities, specifically spending time with friends and family, showed the strongest positive association with eudaimonic well-being. This suggests that students who engage more frequently with loved ones tend to report higher levels of meaning and purpose.
In contrast, meditative exercise and playing sports showed the strongest negative relationships with eudaimonic well-being, indicating that students who participate in these activities tend to report lower levels of meaning and purpose.
We looked at the relationship between leisure activities and hedonic well-being.
Our findings revealed that nearly all leisure activities were positively correlated with hedonic well-being, emphasizing the many ways individuals can support their mental health through how they spend their free time.
The strongest associations were found among those who reported spending more time with friends and engaging in regular exercise.
Interestingly, the only leisure activity that demonstrated a negative relationship with hedonic well-being was social media use, highlighting its potential to diminish feelings of pleasure.
We looked at the relationship between leisure activities and symptoms based on the depression and anxiety PHQ.
Our findings revealed that passive leisure activities, such as social media use and listening to music, were most strongly associated with higher levels of symptomatic behaviour.
In contrast, social leisure activities, such as spending time with friends and family, were most strongly associated with lower levels of symptomatic behaviour.
We looked at the relationship between substance use behaviors and well-being.
Our findings revealed a consistent negative relationship between eudaimonic well-being and all recorded forms of substance use, including smoking, vaping, cannabis, and alcohol.
We also observed a negative correlation between hedonic well-being and cigarette and vaping use, suggesting these behaviours may reduce both pleasure and a sense of purpose. Interestingly, alcohol and cannabis use were positively correlated with hedonic well-being, suggesting they may provide short-term happiness while reducing long-term purpose.
Lastly, all forms of substance use were consistently associated with higher levels of symptomatic behaviour.
The relationships observed between leisure activities and well-being do not indicate that one directly causes the other.
For example, a negative correlation between meditation and eudaimonic well-being may seem counterintuitive, until you consider that individuals might engage in meditation as a way to cope with lower well-being, rather than meditation leading to poorer well-being outcomes.
Thus, correlations should be understood as associations rather than definitive strategies for improving well-being.