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Metabolic Reactions
Metabolic Reactions
7.3 How do things inside our body work together to make us feel the way we do?
Metabolism
Metabolism
The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that allow them to grow, reproduce, maintain structures, and respond to environments.
Enzyme
Enzyme
Proteins in the body that speed up chemical reactions, helping with digestion and other metabolic processes.
Digestive System
Digestive System
The group of organs that work together to break down food so the body can absorb nutrients.
Nutrient
Nutrient
Substances obtained from food that organisms need to survive, grow, and reproduce, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
Absorbtion
Absorbtion
The process by which nutrients from digested food pass through the wall of the intestines into the bloodstream.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration
A process in cells where oxygen is used to produce energy from food, generating carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Villi
Villi
Small finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Glucose
Glucose
A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and a component of many carbohydrates.
Protein
Protein
A nutrient made of amino acids that is essential for building, maintaining, and repairing body tissues.
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
The system that circulates blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
A waste gas produced by cells during cellular respiration, which is expelled from the body when we exhale.
Levels of Organization:
Levels of Organization:
Organism
Organism
Organ systems working together to keep a complex living thing alive and functioning.
Examples:
Examples:
Bacteria, archaea, fungi, and all species of plants and animals
Organ system
Organ system
A group of organs working together to perform a major function
Examples:
Examples:
1) Digestive system: breaks down food; delivers nutrients & water to the blood
2) Skeletal system: protect & support the body; provide mineral storage
3) Muscular system: allow movement of the body
4) Nervous system: respond to and regulate body systems
5) Respiratory system: deliver O2 to & remove CO2 from the blood
6) Circulatory system: transports blood throughout the body
7) Lymphatic system: return fluid to blood and filter blood
8) Endocrine system: produce hormones that control body functions
9) Integumentary system: protect the body & maintain homeostasis
10) Urinary system: remove body wastes & maintain homeostasis
11) Reproductive system: produce offspring
Organs
Organs
Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific job for the body
Examples:
Examples:
Animal: Brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs
Plants: Roots, leaves, flowers, stems
Tissues
Tissues
A group of similar cells working together on the same function
Examples:
Examples:
1) nerve tissue: carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and other body parts
2) muscle tissue: can contract (shorten) to aid body movement
3) connective tissue: provides support and connects body parts
4) epithelial tissue: covers surfaces of the body inside and out; gives protection (skin)
Cells
Cells
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic
Examples:
Examples:
blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, epithelial (skin) cells
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