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PART I Grammar and Vocabulary
CHAPTER 1 Word Formation with Prefixes and Suffixes
A Prefix is a syllable (or syllables) placed at the beginning of a word to qualify its meaning and form a new word.
E.g: incorrect, disqualify
A Suffix is a syllable (or syllables) placed at the end of a word to qualify its meaning and form a new word.
E.g: childhood, loyalty
Examples
1. Ad
‘intensification’ as in adduce, adhere, adjoin, adjudge
2. Ambi
‘on both sides’ as in ambidextrous, ambivalent, ambiguous, ambiguity
3. Amphi
‘both’ as in amphibian, amphitheatre, amphibious
4. Ante
‘before’ as in antedate, antediluvian, antecedent, antemeridiem
5. Anti
‘against’ as in antidote, anti-romantic, antisocial, anti-national
6. Arch
‘chief’ as in archbishop, arch-enemy, arch-villain
7. Auto
‘self’ as in autobiography, autocrat, automobile, automatic, autograph
8. Bene
‘well’ as in benefit, benefactor, benevolent, benediction
9. Bi
‘two, twice’ as in bicycle, bilateral, bigamy, biweekly, bisect
10. Circum
‘around’ as in circumference, circumvent, circumnavigation, circumlocution
11. Co
‘together’ as in co-operate, co-ordinate, co-existence, co-education
12. Con
‘with’ as in conjunction, concord, concur, conform
13. Contra
‘against’ as in contradict, contraband, controversy, contrary, contravene
14. Counter
‘against’ as in counteract, counterbalance, counter-attack, counter-revolution
15. De
‘down’ as in dethrone, defame, demoralise, denationalise, dehydrate
16. Demi
‘half’ as in demigod, demi-official, demi-paradise
17. Dis
‘the negative or opposite of’ as in dislike, disagree, discharge, disintegrate, disadvantage, disability, disagreement, disconnect, discord, disorganise, disparity
18. En
‘to put into or on, to make into to cause to be’ as in encase, endanger, enlarge, enrich, engulf, enable,’ enlist, enforce, enclose, ensure
19. Em
‘to put into or on, to make into, to cause to be’ as in empower, embark, embolden, emplane
20. Equi
‘equal’ as in equidistant, equilibrium, equilateral, equivalent
21. Ex
‘former’ as in ex-President, ex-convict, ex-wife, ex-husband
22. Extra
‘outside, beyond’ as in extracurricular, extraordinary, extravagant, extramarital
23. Hetero
‘other, different’ as in heterogeneous, heterodox, heterosexual
24. Hexa
‘having or consisting of six of something’ as in hexagon, hexameter
25. Hyper
‘to an excessive degree, over’ as in hypersensitive, hyperbole, hypertension, hypercritical
CHAPTER 2 Synonyms (Words and Meanings)
A Synonym is a word that has the same meaning as another word.
E.g: 'scared' is the synonym for 'afraid'.
Reference: S Sumant, Technical English Second Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN: 978-81-8209-229-7
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