In stage 1 students were asked to brainstorm ideas about what problems they see in their neighborhood. After talking with a partner in class students starred 3 problems that they wanted to develop solutions to. 

In stage 2 students picked one problem/issue they observed in their neighborhood from their circle map and then thought about the effects of that problem and mapped it out on the right. After writing students practiced verbalizing complete sentences: 

For example, " One problem is see is trash on the streets.  One effect of this is more pests on the street.