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Biblioteca de artículos científicos publicados por nuestros colaboradores en diversas revistas y capítulos de libro relacionadas al tema de la logística y su aplicación en el sector agroindustrial.
This study started from a fig-derived product project in the 2022–2026 Strategic Plan from Sonora, Mexico, to develop technological solutions in complex environments and provide a global panorama from the industry to the prevailing situation in Valle del Mayo. A technological solution is based on a graphical interface to support decision-making in fig supply, production and distribution in the administration process, given that the main problem has been the lack of a processing plant with a sustainable approach. Four options were set up for nine producers—figs in syrup, dehydrated, marmalade, compost—based on the system dynamics methodology to solve the problem of factory installation. Six stages were followed: (1) mapping the system to determine variables and parameters; (2) constructing the causal diagram; (3) developing the flow and level diagram and model equations; (4) simulating and validating the current model; (5) designing policies and evaluating scenarios using a multi-criteria analysis; and (6) developing the graphical interface. The main conclusions show that fig-derived products and their distribution can feature in diverse markets in a graphics environment supported by complex mathematical models in the supply chain along with the capacity to generate income into utilities to support the decision of the physical factory prior to important investments.
Small businesses in Mexico require practical data-driven solutions for decision-making. The following case study was conducted in a regional food packing and marketing company in southern Sonora, Mexico. The purpose of this organization was the sale and distribution of products belonging to the basic food basket. On the other hand, the object under study focuses on the supplied link of the supply chain, in which, after observing and performing an organizational analysis through the application of various tools, it was detected the existence of different problems in the inventory management of the organization, mainly due to the absence of inventory policies, lack of indicators and variation in demand, the objective was to develop a graphical interface to evaluate the performance of the supplied link of dry and cold products in different scenarios using system dynamics. To address this problem, it was decided to carry out an investigation into different sources of information regarding the implementation of system dynamics and inventory management. Therefore, it was determined that the methodology to be followed would be system dynamics, which consists of the development of a simulation model of the supply process, in which, to complement it, the decision was made to incorporate sectors corresponding to the EOQ Model. Finally, the graphical interface with the user was developed, in which the interested party can make modifications in the critical variables to observe the behavior of scenarios that would be generated in the face of different policies and thus support decision-making. The main conclusions are about the contributions on the use and application of system dynamics in situations where inventory policies must be considered to maintain the sufficiency of regional products in stock and satisfy consumer demand.
Fluidity models in the supply chain privilege the sustainable integration of capabilities and collaboration among its members in order to guarantee an efficient and safe flow of resources throughout all its processes. This research proposes a fluidity model for the agroindustry supply chain as a solution with regard to the sector’s needs of supply chain processes, and opportunities to collaborate within the field of innovation and sustainability through of traceability and proactive risk management as a tool for creating resilient systems. The model is based on a holistic vision that will allow it to adapt to an ever more complex and continuously transformed global environment that demands solutions to assess the global impact of local decision-making in the supply chain over a period of time, considering its implications and contributions to the agroindustry and agro-logistics sector. Finally, pertinent research areas are identified in the integration of agroindustry supply chain echelons.
Globally, Safety and Ergonomics are aspects that contribute to organization sustainability. Several indicators and metrics (I&M) are used to manage and evaluate such aspects; however, their study is scattered throughout the literature and applied heterogeneously to different levels and parts of the production processes. The objective of this chapter is to conduct a systematic literature review of the most frequently used, I&M, as well as their purpose for Supply Chain (SC) evaluation in its transformation into a sustainable activity and digitalization age. The method followed the PRISMA Guidelines to determine those Safety and Ergonomics I&M most widely used in the SC; they were classified by the economic sector, the quantity, and the supply chain components most evaluated by them. A total of 367 different indicators and metrics were found in 107 selected articles; 95.3% showed use of safety indicators, while 51.4% resorted to ergonomics indicators. Indicators’ purposes on SC evaluation such as management lagging and leading were identified as some of the most important. Also seen was a growing interest in this type of research worldwide and, thus, an opportunity for research in the primary sector since manufacturing is the most studied component in the SC. In addition, the I&M were found to achieve only a partial evaluation of the SC and, thus, were deemed ineffective in evaluating all its components.
El futuro de las organizaciones es incierto, se encuentran en un entorno complejo y globalizado. Por ello, las empresas han optado por generar estrategias para hacer frente a sus rivales y lograr posicionarse dentro del mercado. En ese contexto, la competencia en todos los sectores ha crecido y la industria turística no es la excepción. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar si existía una relación entre los tipos de cultura organizacional y los niveles de competitividad de las empresas del sector turístico de Sonora, México, a través de una investigación cuantitativa, para la generación de aporte empírico de las variables de cultura organizacional y competitividad. El diseño del estudio fue no experimental con un diseño transeccional correlacional-causal. Un instrumento basado en el modelo de Cameron y Quinn (1999) y en la Herramienta Mapa de Competitividad del Banco Iberoamericano de Desarrollo (BID) adaptado por Saavedra (2012) se aplicó a 136 empresas del sector turístico en los municipios de Guaymas, Navojoa y Cajeme, de Sonora, México, con el objetivo de estudiar la cultura organizacional y la competitividad. Los principales hallazgos señalan que existe una relación entre los tipos de cultura organizacional y los niveles de competitividad. Sin embargo, la cultura de clan fue el único tipo del cual fue posible demostrar la influencia en los niveles de competitividad de las empresas. Este hecho manifiesta la importancia de analizar ambas variables en conjunto y no de forma aislada.
This study was performed in a regional product marketing company located in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México, where a problem was detected in empirical decision-making due to their recent incorporation into the market. Thus, the objective of this study is the shelf-product production link, where the interest is in knowing the behavior of the main variables that influence the system. System dynamics methodology follows six steps: (1) Map the process under study with the value stream map (VSM); (2) Create a causal diagram; (3) Elaborate the Forrester diagram and equations; (4) Validate the current model; (5) Simulate scenarios; (6) Create the graphical user interface. The main results were the design of the scenarios starting from a robust system dynamics model, three scenarios, and the graphical interface. For this purpose, Stella Architect Software was used as it has special attributes to create a graphical user interface. Furthermore, all the elements of the VSM were added under the Lean Startup approach. Significantly, the inadequate management of the materials was detected, which is why the recommendation was to separate the packaging of dry and cold products to care for food innocuousness and the cold chain. Likewise, processing time decreased, reducing material transfer, which was detected by applying a future VSM based on the Lean Startup methodology. The technological solution in this study is a contribution based on social sciences and mathematics (nonlinear equations) using dynamics simulation to observe the complexity of system behavior.
The objective was to build a graphical interface based on quantitative scenarios to track and show the performance of the main productivity indicators to support senior management decision-making. The problems detected within the organization was related to the number of productivity indicators that were independently analyzed without considering the causes and effects that indicators have over one another. The research was carried out by following the proposed system dynamics methodology. The proposal presented to senior management supports decision-making improving efficiency in three respects: 1) service times, 2) responsiveness, and 3) savings and income for the company. Competitiveness is measured in terms of the company's productivity and positioning when improving its operating efficiency. The contribution to the state of the art is the inclusion of an additional phase to the system dynamics methodology related to the development of the graphic user interface for decision-making.
Organizations in the agroindustry sector face shorter delivery schedules; therefore, they are seeking ways to conduct more effective and less costly product distribution. Supply chain management efforts have focused on improving the flow of both products and information. Thus, the aim of this case study was to build a graphical user interface to enable decision-making based on quantitative information for a food distribution process. The problem to be solved was associated with the development of a technological solution to reduce and control variations in transportation times, delivery costs and capacities in cold and dry food distribution. An eight-step system for a dynamics methodology was used: (1) distribution process analysis, (2) route description, (3) variable and parameter description, (4) causal loop diagram creation, (5) current model simulation, (6) validation, (7) quantitative scenario construction based on key performance indicators, and (8) graphical user interface development. The main findings of this research were that the graphical user interface and simulation showed information that represented on average 56.49% of the total distribution costs regarding fuel and that maintenance and tire wearing costs had less of an impact on total costs, representing 9.21% and 3.66% of the total costs, respectively. Additionally, the technological solution—created for the supply chain in the distribution process against the background of changes in policies—makes it possible to improve decision-making based on different scenarios supported by a graphical interface according to key performance indicators. This solution could be used by different organizations who aim to reduce logistics and transportation costs. The main implications of this research were the available and organized information and the restructuring of the distribution process.
Resumen
Agrofood companies in the region of southern Sonora, Mexico, including those in Valle del Yaqui, employ agrochemical products (insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers, adhesives, fungicides) in the production of foods and face the problem of plastic waste management, specifically from the empty containers and packages from the different products used. This paper proposes a reverse logistics model in the tomato supply chain to economically and environmentally assess the collection process and final disposal of the empty agrochemical packages using dynamic hypotheses and scenario assessment. The challenge in the proposal was to create a dynamic model to observe the current behavior with special attention to environmental pollution and its effects on the health of the communities with the greatest exposure. The results show that this proposal is viable following these stages: (1) analysis of the product supply chain; (2) characterization of the production process; (3) preparation of the causal diagram and dynamic hypotheses; (4) construction of the Forrester diagram and equations; (5) simulation and sensitivity analysis; and (6) design of the user interface. The application of the proposed model supports decision making in the organization regarding the use of containers of discarded agrochemicals, with the aim of reducing their environmental impact.
Resumen
This article presents the case study developed over five months in an agrofood company from Southern Sonora. The problem detected was the lack of quantitative information for decision making in the processes of wheat collection, transport, and sales in domestic and international markets. The aim was to build a dynamic interface that would allow observing the quantitative scenarios in the distribution link. The method included the prior analysis of the processes of wheat collection and delivery at the Port of Guaymas to attend to the demands of Algeria, Nigeria, and Venezuela. This article only presents information from deliveries to Algeria as an international destination, where the demand varies from 49 thousand to 86 thousand tons of wheat annually; the organization was looking into how to concentrate all the quantitative information and make decisions based on possible modifications of their collection and delivery policies. The system dynamics methodology employing Stella Architect® software generated the development of a dynamic and visual user interface that allowed them to observe each of the quantitative scenarios associated with the amount of wheat that was being moved from the wheat collection centers to the domestic and international destinations. The main findings are that decision making supported by a user-friendly and visual dynamic interface allows the interested parties to modify the higher priority indicators and in thus observe the scenarios according to current and future policies in wheat distribution logistics; this establishes that the system dynamics methodology is a practical and reliable development and analysis tool for solutions in the agrofood sector.
Se presentan los resultados de un proyecto cuyo objetivo fue realizar un diagnóstico de procesos con enfoque de madurez de pequeñas empresas manufactureras en México, con la intención de obtener datos de su situación actual como insumo para el futuro planteamiento de propuestas de mejora. En este artículo se muestra una síntesis de la literatura relacionada al tema de madurez organizacional, donde se detecta que son pocos los modelos aplicables a este tipo empresas, y menores aún aquellos con enfoque adecuado para el diagnóstico de procesos, por lo que se utilizó el modelo de la Arquitectura del Desempeño Organizacional en una Cadena de Suministro (ADOCS), el cual establece doce procesos organizacionales agrupados en cuatro categorías, y se diseñan instrumentos en formato de rúbrica para identificar el nivel de cumplimiento de cada proceso con respecto a ideales establecidos a partir de modelos teóricos, calculando el nivel de madurez alcanzado de los cuatro propuestos.
Se presenta el resultado de una investigación cualitativa de tipo descriptivo, donde se reporta el nivel de madurez de pequeñas empresas asociadas a un clúster agroindustrial ubicado en la región sur del Estado de Sonora, México. El diagnóstico se realizó con datos de 66 empresas, tomando como referencia modelos de procesos instrumentados en rúbricas, los cuales facilitan la determinación del nivel de madurez en la gestión de dichos procesos. Los hallazgos indican que los procesos de las empresas tienen un nivel de madurez denominado Artesanal, que indica se tiene conocimiento general sobre el enfoque de mejora continua, pero su gestión no se ha formalizado ni sistematizado, aunque sí se implementan algunas actividades de mejora operativa de manera esporádica. Esta información es de gran valor para todos los interesados en la mejora del desempeño de las empresas, ya que es un punto de partida para generar sistemas de apoyo acordes a las necesidades empresariales de la región.
A pesar que en la literatura se reportan métodos de diagnóstico y modelos para describir los elementos que componen una organización y sus interrelaciones, en su mayoría se acotan al estudio interno de la misma sin considerarla como parte de un sistema mayor, como lo es el clúster y la Cadena de Suministro (CS). Por ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer un método de diagnóstico con enfoque sistémico para identificar áreas de oportunidad estratégicas considerando relaciones interorganizacionales con el clúster y CS, aplicándolo a un caso de estudio de la industria de los snacks para ejemplificar su utilidad y obtener un diagnóstico que permita establecer estrategias de mejora. La metodología se compone de cuatro fases: a) mapeo del macrosistema (clúster y CS); b) mapeo del sistema organizacional (empresa); c) análisis de la madurez de los procesos, y d) definición de objetivos estratégicos. Como resultados se describe la complejidad organizacional en mapas de sistemas a distintos niveles hasta detallar los procesos que agregan valor, y su nivel de madurez. La ventaja de tener este diagnóstico con enfoque de madurez es que facilitan la identificación de prioridades para un desarrollo organizacional equilibrado. Se recomienda implementar los objetivos estratégicos con enfoque social planteados que, como una herramienta de planeación estratégica, le permitirán atender los requerimientos de un mercado cada vez más competitivo.
From August to December of 2016, a diagnostic and strategic planning study was carried out on the supply chain of the company Agropecuaria GABO S.A. de C.V. The final product of the study was the development of the strategic plan and a project portfolio to meet the demands of the three links in the supply chain of the Roma tomato exported annually to the United States of America. In this project, the strategic objective of ensuring the proper handling of the product was selected and one of the goals associated with this was the employment of quantitative methods to support decision making. Considering the antecedents, the objective of this case study was to develop a model to analyze the behavioral dynamics in the distribution chain, from the logistics of storage and shipment of Roma tomato in 81-case pallets (11.5 kg per case), to the two pre-cooling rooms and eventual loading onto transports, seeking to reduce the bottleneck and the associated costs by means of a dynamic interface. The methodology used was that of system dynamics, considering four phases that were adapted to the purpose of the study: 1) the conceptualization phase; 2) the formulation phase; 3) the evaluation phase; and 4) the communication phase. The main practical conclusions lead to the possibility of reducing both the bottlenecks in the cooling rooms and the costs by simulating scenarios and modifying certain policies. Furthermore, the creation of the dynamic interface between the model and the stakeholders was achieved by generating interaction with buttons and simple instructions that allow making modifications and observing diverse behaviors.
Introduction: The supply chain is an underestimated issue in small and medium enterprises; it is assumed that its only purpose is to save on operating costs and this is not necessarily the case. It is imperative to recognize that not all customers are equal, as each has different requirements for their products and delivery of same to their final customers, and it is therefore important to consider all the factors that influence that outcome. The case study was developed in a company producing plastic containers in Cd. Obregon, Sonora. The study has selected the manufacture of the 737 gr salt container from resin, as this is a product demanded by one of its three main customers. The problem in the plant was the number of salt containers to be produced with different production policies, generating three scenarios. Method: To respond to the problem, a study of the entire production process associated with the links in the supply and distribution was conducted based on the methodology of system dynamics to evaluate each of the variables and parameters included in the links in the supply chain via a simulation. Results: The results show three different scenarios that are executed through an interface with the user, allowing to observe the behavior of the profits, the sales of finished product and the use of the resin in the manufacture of bottles of 737 gr for a company that manufactures and distributes salt proposals were validated by drawing upon the judgment of experts on the subject and the experience of employees, as well as the actual data of the Company Discussion or Conclusion: The findings reveal different modes of behavior of four critical variables in the process: profits, sales, the finished products warehouse, and resin use. The simulation was performed with the use of Stella ® 10.1.2 software, trying different policies and considering delay and initial inventory theories in processes and final products for the three different proposed scenarios derived from this study to interested parties (employers and customers); the case study was developed within the context of the National Center for Innovation in Intermodal Transportation and Logistics of Mexico.
En los últimos años se ha estudiado la relación de la Integración de la Cadena de Suministro (ICS) con el desempeño organizacional y los factores que potencializan su éxito. Sin embargo, es escaso el trabajo desarrollado para determinar cuáles de éstos interfieren de forma directa con tres de las dimensiones de la integración (interna, con clientes y con proveedores), y cómo se pueden identificar en las organizaciones. Se realizó la revisión de la literatura orientada a obtener una comprensión razonable sobre los factores que influyen en la ICS para lograr el éxito de su implementación. Los principales factores de éxito identificados son los recursos humanos, la estrategia de la organización, la comunicación y las Tecnologías de la Información implementadas, existiendo un mayor acuerdo en los autores revisados en la importancia de los dos últimos, que están relacionados tanto a la integración interna como a la externa. Se propone una lista de ítems como referencia para creación de instrumentos de evaluación del nivel de ICS.
This work presents a general model in mixed integer programming that integrates the design of the territory and distribution route planning, seeking to minimize the total distance covered by the vehicle in each territory. Design/methodology/approach: In this work, a mathematical optimization model has been proposed using an exact algorithm based in mixed integer linear programming, to seek of minimizing the cost of pickups and/or deliveries of products considered to be hazardous in a distribution network, using AMPL software as an interface, with CPLEX as an optimizer to solve a practical real problem. Findings: The model reports an efficient solution, which provide the process administrator with sufficient information to optimize the use of the available (Limited) distribution resources in SMEs of these types of markets that are considered emerging. Originality/value: In contrast to the typical models applied to the VRP with pickups and/or delivery of hazardous materials, this work proposes the use of an exact algorithm that gives a quick and efficient solution for a real optimization problem, considered balance in workload in each territory and using of a single central deposit which the vehicle must use as its origin and final destination.
This article presents a case study for a strategic plan developed using a megaplanning model approach, as well as the balanced scorecard proposal, for a company that produces processed foods in the southern state of Sonora in Mexico. The strategic planning process began with the ratification of the business mission and vision in an internal analysis of the company with the help of its employees in a dynamic participatory workshop in which they discussed perceived strengths and weaknesses. The next step was to perform the external analysis of the environment surrounding the company. Both analyses of the SWOT matrix immediately identified strategic objectives and strategies, as well as the scorecard, and concluded with a project proposal. The most significant results fall under the scope of two key strategies. The first regards innovation in business models; and the second, the expansion into new markets, which, along with the organization's philosophy, guides the future of the company. The main lessons learned are presented in the developmental stages of this case study, so it is important to emphasize that a special development in the results section, which can be useful for similar studies using the proposed methodology, be carried out. Finally, a strategic planning–oriented approach focusing on megaplanning represents a vision on how to add value to society, seeking to create interest among stakeholders to meet performance indicators that have a positive impact on the communities where the company is located.
Las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes) del municipio de Cajeme dedicadas a la producción de camarón blanco de agua dulce, enfrentan problemáticas en relación de la planeación y evaluación de la cadena de suministro. Un ejemplo de estas compañías es el Centro de Experimentos y Transferencia de Tecnología (conocido como CETT 910) operado por el Departamento de Acuacultura del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON) donde se encargan de métodos de Investigación y desarrollo para la crianza y cosecha del camarón. En el intento por ganar valor en el mercado para el camarón considerando su rendimiento así como sus tallas, resulta un problema dado que se requiere sobrepasar tiempos establecidos de cosecha por ciclo y esto ocasiona costos adicionales que pueden salir del rango de presupuesto planeado y finalmente con ello aumentar el riesgo de fracaso. En este artículo se presenta el resultado de una investigación sobre la forma de evaluar el desempeño de la cadena de suministro sobre el camarón blanco cultivado en agua dulce, empleando la metodología de dinámica de sistemas que permitió observar diversos escenarios sobre el producto durante su proceso de crianza, producción y entrega a clientes. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecieron al CETT 910 las bases teóricas y metodológicas para el desarrollo y entendimiento de la dinámica que siguen los tres eslabones de la cadena de suministro para el camarón blanco de agua dulce que se produce y distribuye a mercados nacionales e internacionales.
El sector Servicios representa más de las dos terceras partes del empleo total, sin embargo los estudios sobre su competitividad, dada por el grado en que sus eslabones se encuentren estructurados y funcionando son incipientes (bajo nivel de madurez). Las prácticas operativas de proveedores y distribuidores así como factores que los afectan son críticos para desarrollar capacidad en la cadena de suministro extendida, por eso es importante realizar estudios de evaluación sobre ellos. Se encontró que el desempeño de proveedores de productos y servicios del sector belleza es definitivamente menor en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, respecto a proveedores en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, desde la perspectiva de sus clientes con una significancia del 95% de confianza. Se aplicó una escala de evaluación de desempeño de proveedores evaluando aspectos como: calidad, entrega, precio; comunicación y flexibilidad; competitividad, innovación y confianza. El estudio fue no probabilístico con muestreo por conveniencia y la metodología consistió en la aplicación de instrumentos, cálculo de índices de desempeño, comprobación de diferencias entre los índices obtenidos en las ciudades objeto de estudio. Las debilidades encontradas fueron la competitividad; comunicación y flexibilidad así como la confianza. Los resultados son útiles tanto para los profesionales participantes en la cadena de suministro y de servicios como para quienes investigan la gestión de las relaciones con los proveedores.
This article discusses how a societal-referenced approach to strategic thinking and planning can add measurable value to logistic distribution systems using small and medium business in the City of Cajeme, Sonora, Mexico as the platform. By enlarging the value chain to include societal value to organizational value, improvements in effectiveness and efficiency may be demonstrated. The increase in competition in the international market from organizations has led to the investigation and establishment of strategies that increase their competitiveness in the market that they operate, this has aroused the interest of studying the logistics systems of the companies that help you increase the level of service to the client and improve its logistics efficiency. Through the development of this research, the goal is to design the technological solution to first level of needs of the logistic system of supply and distribution of Small and Medium Enterprises in the sector of Obregon City, which favor the increase of competitiveness. This study has great importance because currently there is no information about the logistic system of Small and Medium Enterprises in the sector service of Obregon City, which allows employers, educational and Government institutions, support programs tailored to the requirements of these organizations. Due to the enormous importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Mexico, the benefits for the development of this project are several, among those ones can quote: Since the results of this research, you wish to design the technological solutions from the point of view of supply and distribution system, in Obregon City service sector of Small and Medium Enterprises, providing necessary information to support its competitiveness.
Se reporta el caso de una pequeña empresa industrial mexicana, donde se aplicó una rúbrica para evaluar la madurez de los procesos de su cadena de valor. Las mayores debilidades encontradas fueron en procesos estratégicos (gestión organizacional y planeación estratégica), en el proceso clave de servicio al cliente, y en procesos de soporte (infraestructura y ambiente de trabajo, así como documentación de procesos). Se ubicó a la empresa en el nivel II de madurez (proactivo), y se propusieron proyectos para iniciar un cambio gradual, desarrollando estrategias que refuercen los procesos que presentaron atraso en su nivel de madurez.
Tradicionalmente, las pequeñas y medianas empresas operan desarticuladas, con bajos niveles de eficiencia y eficacia. Buscando incidir en ello, este artículo reporta el diseño de un modelo para la planificación, ejecución y mejora continua de la producción de pequeñas empresas a instalarse en un Distrito Internacional de Agronegocios. El modelo se caracteriza por integrar los procesos de planeación y los principales o claves, con un enfoque de procesos, considerando el modelo SCOR y los requisitos establecidos por la norma ISO 9001:2000. Este modelo puede utilizarse para diagnosticar y/o rediseñar una organización que busque evolucionar y alcanzar niveles de madurez superiores.
La forma de unir a empresas distintas para que no trabajen aisladas y se diluyan ante complejidad de los mercados, constituye un gran reto debido a que tienen estructuras diferentes que les impiden articularse entre sí. Por ello, se diseñó la configuración productiva que las empresas deben adoptar para que se instalen con éxito en el Distrito Internacional de Agronegocios PYME, considerando lo establecido en el modelo de Gestión Universitaria por Procesos, el SCOR y la Anatomía de la Performance. Esta configuración propicia la estandarización de los procesos, así como la integración y articulación entre las empresas y otras instituciones como la universidad.