Domain 1

Base on the results of the research conducted by Bitenbeck (2013) suggest two novel implications for education policy. First, the fact that teaching practices are a potentially important determinant of student learning implies that instructing teachers to emphasize modern teaching might be a useful way to increase reasoning skills among students as according to the data it shows that Being exposed to a balanced mix of traditional and modern teaching practices has a significant positive impact on all three cognitive skills. The effect size ranges from 5.7% of a standard deviation for the applying score to 7.1% of a standard deviation for the knowing score.

Second, if policy makers and educators are serious about promoting reasoning skills over factual knowledge and routine problem-solving skills, standardized tests need to be adapted to give more weight to questions that measure these skills as questions aimed at measuring factual knowledge and routine problem-solving skills make up the bulk of today's standardized tests, an emphasis on modern teaching practices at the cost of traditional teaching practices will likely lead to a decrease in overall test scores.. Otherwise, teachers and schools have little incentive to employ modern teaching practices and to thus promote reasoning if their goal is to raise test scores.

Reference: Bietenbeck (2014) Teaching practices and cognitive skills: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927537114000219

Teaching practices promotes the development of cognitive skills for students. In the past the old traditional setting focuses on factual knowledge and problem solving skills while the modern practices are more student centered aimed for the development of their reasoning skills. Both old and modern settings has their own pros and cons regarding to what to teach and the process of doing so. Thus the education sector should focus more on its modern practices as it promotes critical and rational thinking skills.

Critical thinking can be developed through primary source analysis where in the teacher provides historical sources and the student would find answers for themselves base on the given sources. It also applies collaboration and communication as students are ideally worked together to while using the internet to search for further evidences that backs up the claims. Creativity now falls to how the student will present the data they find after analyzing the primary sources.