In the Fall of 2024, In order to refine my CNC skills by designing, refining, and testing a project, I attempted to create a custom theater gobo as requested by a staff member at PGHS, Mr. Vasquez. A gobo is a “small stenciled circular disc” used in “lighting fixtures to create a projected image or pattern” (from encore-anzpac.com).
Initial Gobo Design (see left)
The initial gobo design was inspired by the Sea-wing Theater logo and my old design for the PGHS logo. By combining these two elements, I was able to produce a satisfactory rough draft of the design using spline tools in a Fusion 360 sketch. Future iterations of the design were only modified slightly in order to strengthen supports in the design.
In a brief testing of various materials, I experimented with 3D print PLA, aluminum, wood, and multiple film plastics. The tests made me realize the serious constraints involved with this project. The gobo needed to be small, a maximum diameter if 23.7 mm. Additionally, the material could not exceed 1 mm in thickness. Tests involving 3D prints were largely unsuccessful due to lack of necessary precision from the 3D printers. Additionally, using the Tormach 24R to cut the design into aluminum was also unsuccessful. Even using precise engraving bits, the machine still proved to be too powerful for the thin material and complex design.
Subsequent testing on the LS-1420 CO2 Laser Cutter indicated that thin film plastics would be more successful in producing the gobo while remaining within the 1mm thickness constraint. Among these, Mylar was the most successful. The material was almost paper thin while still being strong enough to maintain its shape under the heat of the laser cutter. Mylar also produced the first successful iteration of the smaller gobo, allowing me to begin testing with the spotlight.
Unfortunately, Spotlight testing yielded many challenging results. The heat of the LED spotlight deformed the Mylar prototypes instantly upon placement before the light. This development presented a dilemma for the development process. I had to find an extremely thin material that was heat resistant enough to oppose the LED heat, but still possible to laser cut. This criteria led me to a vinyl-based material originally intended for baking.
Note: Large amount of heat produced by an LED light is generally unusual but is characteristic for bright spotlights.
My final iteration involved yet another material and strategy switch. This prototype utilized semi-transparent vinyl on a thin piece of polycarbonate. This was done in order to mitigate heat absorption and add a protective layer. The changes worked, and the shadow was finally able to be displayed.
Unfortunately, the prototypes still have a long way to go before they are production-grade quality. The minimized heat absorption came at the cost of a slightly translucent mask that cast a blue shadow. Additionally, I suspect the gobo would not be able to withstand long periods of exposure to the light due to small bubbles forming in between the layers.