I am a firm believer in one's personal manifest destiny. For each student that walks into Pennoyer, their destiny is already within the works. As an educator, I believe that with their education, students are given the resources they need to achieve that destiny they so desire, and I strive to be an element to further that achievement.
If you scroll below, you will discover the novels that we read in middle school and the outcomes that are taught.
Contact: abowden@pennoyerschool.org
Here is a summary of the learning outcomes grouped by the main components:
LA.6.1: Reading, Research, and Discussion Skills
Read and evaluate grade-level texts to explain how point of view is conveyed.
Compare and contrast authors’ arguments and support.
Conduct research, assess credibility, and cite sources to support a position.
Integrate information from various media for discussion and presentation.
Prepare for and participate in collegial discussions, summarizing key ideas and elaborating responses.
Determine meaning of unknown words using context.
Adapt speech appropriately for different tasks with formal English command.
LA.6.2: Argumentative Writing and Analysis
Cite textual evidence to analyze theme and provide objective summaries.
Write logical argumentative texts, supporting claims with evidence, acknowledging opposing views, and concluding effectively.
Use cohesive language to clarify relationships in arguments while maintaining formal style.
Apply correct punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) in argumentative writing.
Present claims effectively in collaborative discussions with attention to delivery.
LA.6.3: Narrative Writing and Analysis
Compare experiences of reading instructional texts versus listening or watching.
Compare point of view across genres and themes.
Analyze text structures to create narratives with contexts, settings, narrators, and characters.
Collaborate with peers to strengthen writing.
Describe plot development and character responses.
Analyze figurative language, connotations, tone, and meaning.
Write routinely for various tasks and audiences with correct spelling.
LA.6.4: Informative/Explanatory Writing
Use text evidence to determine central ideas and how they develop.
Engage in discussions to understand key ideas and meanings (figurative, connotative, technical).
Write organized informative essays with clear introductions, transitions, and conclusions.
Use reference materials to clarify word meanings and pronunciation.
Maintain consistent style and tone with attention to sentence patterns.
Interpret and present information from diverse media.
LA.6.5: Argumentative Texts Using Technology
Read and evaluate texts to explain point of view.
Compare authors’ arguments and evaluate claims and evidence.
Use technology to write argumentative texts in a single sitting.
Maintain consistent style and tone through sentence pattern evaluation.
Present claims clearly in collaborative discussions.
LA.6.6: Narrative Production and Language Conventions
Write narratives with clear context, organized events, dialogue, transitions, sensory details, and conclusions.
Produce clear, coherent writing appropriate to task and audience.
Conduct short research projects using multiple sources.
Construct sentences with correct pronoun case and correct vague or shifted pronouns.
Identify and use strategies to improve expression and standard English usage.
LA.6.7: Nonfiction Text Analysis
Cite textual evidence to analyze explicit and inferred meaning.
Determine central ideas and provide objective summaries.
Understand figurative, connotative, and technical word meanings including Greek/Latin roots.
Analyze how events or ideas are introduced and expanded in texts.
LA.6.8: Comparing Point of View Across Genres
Explain how authors develop narrator or speaker point of view.
Compare themes and topics across different genres (historical novels, fantasy, poems).
Analyze how text components contribute to theme, setting, or plot.
Use context to determine word or phrase meanings.
Present claims and findings with clear communication skills in discussions.
Each component includes formative assessments, pacing suggestions, and resources for scaffolded support and enrichment opportunities.
Here is a concise summary of the learning outcomes from the grade 7 language arts components:
LA.7.1: Writing, Drama, and Literary Analysis
Develop writing skills through planning, revising, editing with peer/adult support.
Analyze drama’s form/structure for meaning; write real or imagined narratives with effective techniques and well-structured events.
Write routinely for various tasks, purposes, and audiences with correct spelling.
Analyze story/drama elements, including figurative and connotative meanings.
Analyze and contrast points of view of different characters or narrators.
Compare fictional portrayals with historical accounts to understand author’s use of history.
Compare written texts with media versions, analyzing unique techniques.
Prepare and engage in collegial discussions, summarizing, questioning, elaborating, and adjusting views.
Explain functions of phrases and clauses in sentences.
LA.7.2: Nonfiction Text Analysis and Presentation
Cite multiple textual evidences to support explicit and inferred understanding.
Determine figurative, connotative, and technical word meanings; analyze word choice impact.
Analyze author’s point of view and how it differs from others.
Pose and respond to text-specific questions that promote elaboration and stay on topic.
Evaluate speaker’s argument and evidence for reasoning soundness.
Present claims and findings using media and visuals with clear communication skills.
LA.7.3: Argumentative Writing and Evaluation
Write arguments supporting claims with evidence; acknowledge opposing claims; organize logically.
Produce clear, coherent writing appropriate to task and audience.
Plan, revise, edit, and rewrite addressing purpose and audience.
Use technology to produce, publish, cite sources, and collaborate.
Evaluate arguments’ reasoning and evidence strength.
Analyze authors’ different evidence and interpretations on the same topic.
Use varied sentence structures to signal relationships among ideas.
LA.7.4: Informative Writing and Research
Introduce topics clearly and organize ideas effectively.
Develop topics with relevant facts, details, quotations, and use transitions for cohesion.
Conduct short research projects, generate focused questions for further inquiry.
Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.
Use precise, concise language eliminating wordiness.
Correct misplaced and dangling modifiers in sentences.
LA.7.5: Argumentative Essays on Theme
Support analysis of theme with textual evidence and inferences; provide objective summaries.
Write arguments with clear claims, evidence, and conclusions.
Use cohesive language to clarify relationships among claims, reasons, and evidence.
Produce well-organized writing suitable for task and audience.
Strengthen writing through planning, revising, editing, or new approaches.
Use technology to produce and publish arguments.
Engage in discussions by asking elaborative questions and responding thoughtfully.
Analyze main ideas in media evaluating reasoning and evidence.
Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.
LA.7.6: Poetry and Drama Analysis
Analyze interactions of story or drama elements.
Determine meanings of words and analyze sound devices in poetry or drama.
Analyze figurative language, connotations, tone.
Use reference materials to verify word meanings and pronunciations.
Analyze how form or structure of drama or poem shapes meaning.
Read and comprehend grade-level poetry.
Interpret contextual clues to word meanings.
Present claims clearly with effective communication skills.
LA.7.7: Media Presentations and Collaborative Discussions
Explain point of view and author’s distinction of opinion.
Compare authors’ works on the same subject evaluating arguments and support.
Conduct research evaluating source validity and citing correctly.
Apply discussion rules, track goals, define roles, and adjust views based on new information.
Use diverse media for presentations; adapt speech for clarity and engagement.
Interpret context to determine word or phrase meanings.
LA.7.8: Informative/Explanatory Writing on Literary Nonfiction
Support analysis of text structure, inferences, and theme development with evidence.
Engage in goal-setting and discussions to analyze word meanings and tone.
Write formal arguments with clear introductions, organization, transitions, alternate claims, and conclusions.
Use reference materials for word pronunciation and meaning.
Use precise, concise language eliminating redundancy.
Interpret media to clarify claims and present findings effectively.
LA.7.9: Narrative Writing
Write narratives with context, point of view, organized events, dialogue, transitions, precise language, sensory details, and reflective conclusions.
Produce clear, coherent writing appropriate for task and audience.
Conduct short research projects with multiple sources and generate related questions.
Explain phrase and clause functions.
Create varied sentence types to show relationships among ideas.
LA.7.10: Informational Text Analysis
Provide textual evidence to analyze central ideas including inferences.
Determine word meanings using Greek/Latin roots and analyze word choice impact.
Read and comprehend literary nonfiction with scaffolding as needed.
Analyze interactions between individuals and events.
Compare text with media versions analyzing portrayals.
Acquire and use academic and domain-specific vocabulary accurately.
LA.7.11: Points of View in Different Genres
Analyze how authors develop and contrast points of view of characters or narrators.
Compare fictional portrayals with historical accounts to understand authorial alterations of history.
Each section includes formative assessments, pacing guidance, scaffolded support, enrichment opportunities, and resources to support student learning and mastery of grade 7 language arts standards.
Here is a summary of the Grade 8 learning outcomes organized by key components:
LA.8.1: Analyzing Historical Events and Perspectives
Read and independently comprehend grade-level literature and informational texts.
Analyze differing points of view between characters and audience, including conflicting evidence.
Interpret figurative and connotative language and analyze word choice impact.
Identify central ideas/themes and analyze their development and relation to characters, setting, and plot.
Analyze dialogue or incidents that move plot or develop characters.
Write clear, coherent arguments supported by relevant evidence using technology.
Conduct short research projects using multiple credible sources.
Participate in collegial discussions, summarizing key ideas and justifying views with new information.
LA.8.2: Tone, Mood, and Figurative Language in Literature
Cite strong textual evidence supporting explicit and inferred meanings.
Analyze theme development and its relationship to story elements.
Examine how dialogue/incidents propel action or reveal character.
Analyze figurative language, word relationships, and connotations.
Interpret figures of speech and distinguish nuanced meanings.
Read and comprehend complex literature independently.
Understand and explain verbals and apply conventions of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.
Write formal, organized texts using transitions and maintain formal style.
Support analysis and research with evidence from literature.
LA.8.3: Argumentative Writing and Text Analysis
Write arguments with clear claims, evidence, and logical organization; acknowledge alternate claims.
Use cohesive language to clarify relationships among claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
Develop and strengthen arguments through planning, editing, and revising.
Evaluate arguments for soundness and relevance of evidence.
Write routinely for various tasks and audiences.
Cite textual evidence for analysis and inference.
Analyze central ideas and relationships among supporting ideas.
Analyze text structure and author’s point of view including responses to conflicting evidence.
Evaluate purpose and motives in diverse media presentations.
Demonstrate control of verb forms, moods, and voices to achieve effects.
LA.8.4: Thematic Literary Analysis and Argument
Write arguments supporting claims with relevant evidence.
Produce clear, coherent writing with appropriate style and organization.
Address alternate claims logically and provide conclusions.
Use cohesive devices to connect ideas and maintain formal tone.
Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense, voice, and mood.
Apply conventions of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.
Analyze word meanings and their impact on tone and meaning.
Engage effectively in collaborative discussions on grade-level topics.
LA.8.5: Narrative Writing
Cite textual evidence for explicit and inferred text meanings.
Determine central ideas and provide objective summaries.
Write narratives with context, point of view, organized events, dialogue, precise language, and sensory details.
Produce clear, coherent writing appropriate to task and audience.
Conduct research projects, generating focused questions.
Use textual evidence to support analysis and reflection.
Demonstrate command of grammar, capitalization, punctuation, spelling.
Acquire and use academic and domain-specific vocabulary accurately.
LA.8.6: Evaluating Claims and Media Presentation
Explain how point of view is conveyed and analyze author responses to conflicting evidence.
Analyze conflicting texts on the same topic evaluating claims and reasoning.
Conduct research evaluating source validity; produce organized writing.
Follow discussion rules, track goals, and adjust views with new information.
Use diverse media to present claims clearly and engage in discussions.
Adapt speech for various contexts.
Interpret context clues for word meaning.
Evaluate pros and cons of different media for topic presentation.
LA.8.7: Narrative Creation and Text Comparison
Compare reading experiences with listening/watching and evaluate media choices.
Compare points of view across genres and analyze effects like suspense or humor.
Produce narratives comparing structures of multiple texts and analyze their contribution to meaning.
Develop writing through planning, revising, and editing focused on purpose and audience.
Use Greek/Latin roots as clues to word meaning.
Use grade-appropriate academic and content-specific vocabulary.
LA.8.8: Expository Writing on Literary Nonfiction
Cite textual evidence supporting analysis of central ideas and inferences.
Analyze paragraph structure and sentence roles in developing concepts.
Set goals and engage in discussions to determine word meanings and tone.
Use reference materials to verify meaning and write expository essays organizing relevant content with formal style and conclusions.
Exhibit knowledge of language conventions in writing, speaking, reading, listening.
Analyze media information to clarify claims and present findings with integrated visuals.
LA.8.9: Point of View and Argument Analysis
Determine author’s point of view and how conflicting viewpoints are acknowledged.
Evaluate arguments for sound reasoning and relevant evidence.
Analyze conflicting information in multiple texts and identify disagreements.
Support analysis and write argumentative texts with clear reasons and evidence.
Use language conventions effectively.
Prepare and present claims in collaborative discussions, tracking group roles and goals.
LA.8.10: Narrative Writing with Research and Grammar
Write narratives with clear context, point of view, organized events, dialogue, transitions, precise language, and sensory details, ending with reflective conclusions.
Produce clear writing appropriate to task and audience.
Conduct research projects with self-generated questions and multiple sources.
Explain verbal functions and use active/passive voice effectively.
LA.8.11: Informational Text Analysis
Cite textual evidence supporting explicit and inferred understanding.
Determine central ideas and analyze development relating to supporting ideas.
Analyze word meanings including figurative and connotative uses and their impact.
Read and comprehend literary nonfiction proficiently.
LA.8.12: Comparing Points of View and Text Structures
Analyze how differences in characters’ and readers’ points of view create effects like suspense or humor.
Analyze how modern fiction draws on myths or classic tales and how it renews them.
Compare and contrast text structures and analyze their effects on meaning and style.
Use context clues for word meaning.
Present claims and findings clearly with proper communication skills.
This overview reflects the pacing across trimesters with key texts such as Hunger Games, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Glass Castle, and Hey, Kiddo integrated into instruction and assessments. Each component includes formative assessments, scaffolded support, enrichment options, and rubrics for student evaluation.