These are taken from the Time Magazine best 100 novels, 1923-2005, Penguin Books reader survey, and research by author and editor Robert McCrum
Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe
A Death in the Family James Agee
Little Women Louisa May Alcott
Lucky Jim Kingsley Amis
Money: A Suicide Note Martin Amis
The Blind Assassin Margaret Atwood
The Handmaid's Tale Margaret Atwood
Persuasion Jane Austen
Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
Emma Jane Austen
Another Country James Baldwin
Go Tell It on the Mountain James Baldwin
Peter Pan J M Barrie
The Sot-Weed Factor John Barth
Murphy Samuel Beckett
Zuleika Dobson Max Beerbohm
Herzog Saul Bellow
The Adventures of Augie March Saul Bellow
Are You There God? It's Me Margaret Judy Blume
The Death of the Heart Elizabeth Bowen
The Heat of the Day Elizabeth Bowen
The Sheltering Sky Paul Bowles
Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte
Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte
The Thirty-Nine Steps John Buchan
The Master and Margarita Mikhail Bulgakov
The Pilgrims Progress John Bunyan
A Clockwork Orange Anthony Burgess
The Secret Garden Frances Hodgson Burnett
Naked Lunch William Burroughs
Possession A S Byatt
In Cold Blood Truman Capote
True History of the Kelly Gang Peter Carey
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Lewis Carroll
Death Comes for the Archbishop Willa Cather
My Ãntonia Willa Cather
The Big Sleep Raymond Chandler
Falconer John Cheever
What a Carve Up! Jonathan Coe
Disgrace JM Coetzee
The Moonstone Wilkie Collins
Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad
The Red Badge of Courage Stephen Crane
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Roald Dahl
Lost Illusions Honore de Balzac
Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe
White Noise Don DeLillo
Underworld Don DeLillo
Ubik Philip K Dick
A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens
Bleak House Charles Dickens
Great Expectations Charles Dickens
Hard Times Charles Dickens
David Copperfield Charles Dickens
Deliverance James Dickey
Play It as It Lays Joan Didion
Sybil Benjamin Disraeli
Ragtime E L Doctorow
Nineteen Nineteen John Dos Passos
Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoyevsky
The Brothers Karamazov Fyodor Dostoyevsky
White Nights Fyodor Fyodor Dostoyevsky
The Sign of Four Arthur Conan Doyle
An American Tragedy Theodore Dreiser
Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser
The Count of Monte Cristo Alexandre Dumas
Middlemarch George Eliot
Silas Marner George Eliot
The Mill on the Floss George Eliot
Invisible Man Ralph Emmerson
Light in August William Faulkner
The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner
As I Lay Dying William Faulkner
Tom Jones Henry Fielding
The Great Gatsby F Scott Fitzgerald
The Beginning of Spring Penelope Fitzgerald
The Good Soldier Ford Madox Ford
The Sportswriter Richard Ford
A Passage to India E M Forster
The French Lieutenant's Woman John Fowles
The Corrections Jonathan Franzen
The Recognitions William Gaddis
The Forsyte Saga John Galsworthy
North & South Mrs Gaskell
Cold Comfort Farm Stella Gibbons
Neuromancer William Gibson
New Grub Street George Gissing
Lord of the Flies William Golding
The Wind in the Willows Kenneth Grahame
I Claudius Robert Graves
Loving Henry Green
Party Going Henry Green
The Heart of the Matter Graham Greene
The Power and the Glory Graham Greene
The End of the Affair Graham Greene
The Diary of a Nobody George & Weedon Grossmith
Red Harvest Dashiel Hammett
The Maltese Falcon Dashiel Hammett
Return of the Native Thomas Hardy
Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thomas Hardy
Jude the Obscure Thomas Hardy
The Go-between L P Hartley
The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne
Catch-22 Joseph Heller
The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway
The Outsiders S E Hinton
The Iliad Homer
Les Miserables Victor Hugo
Their Eyes Were Watching God Zora Neale Hurston
Brave New World Aldous Huxley
The Berlin Stories Christopher Isherwood
A Single Man Christopher Isherwood
Never Let Me Go Kazuo Ishiguro
An Artist of the Floating World Kazuo Ishiguro
The Golden Bowl Henry James
Three Men in a Boat Jerome K Jerome
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man James Joyce
Ulysses James Joyce
The Castle Franz Kafka
On the Road Jack Kerouac
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Ken Kesey
Kim Rudyard Kipling
The Painted Bird Jerzy Kosinski
Women in Love D H Lawrence
The Rainbow D H Lawrence
The Spy Who Came in From the Cold John le Carre
To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee
The Golden Notebook Doris Lessing
The Lion The Witch and the Wardrobe C S Lewis
Babbitt Sinclair Lewis
The Call of the Wild Jack London
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Anita Loos
Under the Volcano Malcolm Lowry
The Assistant Bernard Malamud
Buddenbrooks Thomas Mann
The Betrothed Alessandro Manzoni
One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Of Human Bondage W Somerset Maugham
The Razor's Edge W Somerset Maugham
Blood Meridian Cormac McCarthy
The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter Carson McCullers
Atonement Ian McEwan
Amongst Women John McGahern
Moby-Dick Herman Melville
Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller
Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell
Watchmen Alan Moore & Dave Gibbons
Beloved Toni Morrison
Song of Solomon Toni Morrison
The Sea The Sea Iris Murdoch
Under the Net Iris Murdoch
Lolita Vladimir Nabokov
Pale Fire Vladimir Nabokov
A House for Mr. Biswas V S Naipaul
A Bend in the River V S Naipaul
Suite Francaise Irene Nemirovsky
At Swim-Two-Birds Flann O'Brien
Appointment in Samarra John O'Hara
1984 George Orwell
Animal Farm George Orwell
Nightmare Abbey Thomas Love Peacock
The Moviegoer Walker Percy
Zen And The Art Of Motorcycle Maintenance Robert Pirsig
The Bell Jar Sylvia Plath
Narrative of Arthur Pym of Nantucket Edgar Allan Poe
A Dance to the Music of Time Anthony Powell
The Godfather Mario Puzo
Gravity's Rainbow Thomas Pynchon
The Crying of Lot 49 Thomas Pynchon
Atlas Shrugged Ayn Rand
Wide Sargasso Sea Jean Rhys
Clarissa Samuel Richardson
Housekeeping Marilynne Robinson
Hadrian the Seventh Frederick Rolfe
Call It Sleep Henry Roth
American Pastoral Philip Roth
Portnoy's Complaint Philip Roth
Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie
The Catcher in the Rye J D Salinger
Staying On Paul Scott
Frankenstein Mary Shelley
I Capture the Castle Dodie Smith
White Teeth Zadie Smith
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Muriel Spark
The Man Who Loved Children Christina Stead
East of Eden John Steinbeck
The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck
Snow Crash Neal Stephenson
Kidnapped Robert Louis Stevenson
The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy Laurence Sterne
Dracula Bram Stoker
Dog Soldiers Robert Stone
The Confessions of Nat Turner William Styron
The Art of War Tzu Sun
Perfume Patrick Suskind
Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift
The Secret History Donna Tartt
Mrs Palfrey at the Claremont Elizabeth Taylor
Vanity Fair William Makepeace Thakeray
Lark Rise to Candleford Flora Thompson
The Lord of the Rings J R R Tolkien
Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy
War And Peace Leo Tolstoy
A Confederacy of Dunces John Kennedy Toole
Barchester Towers Anthony Trollope
The Way We Live Now Anthony Trollope
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain
Breathing Lessons Ann Tyler
Rabbit Run John Updike
Rabbit Redux John Updike
Breakfast Of Champions Kurt Vonnegut
Slaughterhouse-Five Kurt Vonnegut
Infinite Jest David Foster Wallace
Lolly Willowes Sylvia Townsend Warner
All the Kings Men Robert Penn Warren
A Handful of Dust Evelyn Waugh
Brideshead Revisited Evelyn Waugh
Scoop Evelyn Waugh
The Time Machine H G Wells
The History of Mr Polly H G Wells
The Day of the Locust Nathaniel West
The Age of Innocence Edith Wharton
Voss Patrick White
The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde
The Bridge of San Luis Rey Thornton Wilder
The Code of the Woosters P G Wodehouse
Joy in the Morning P G Wodehouse
Mrs Dalloway Virginia Woolf
Orlando Virginia Woolf
To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf
Native Son Richard Wright
The Chrysalids John Wyndham
Revolutionary Road Richard Yates