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In seventh grade students learned the 50 states. This year we will continue to review the 50 states and we will focus on the state capitals as well. We will begin by learning the capitals of the northeastern states.

En séptimo grado los estudiantes aprendieron los 50 estados. Este año continuaremos revisando los 50 estados y también nos concentraremos en las capitales de los estados. Comenzaremos aprendiendo las capitales de los estados del noreste.

The U.S.: State Capitals in the NortheastThe Northeastern region is the United States most economically developed, densely populated, and culturally diverse region. Learn all the state capitals in this map quiz!

Our first unit of 8th grade is RECONSTRUCTION. Reconstruction is the post Civil War era and lasted from 1865-1877.

Nuestra primera unidad de 8º grado es RECONSTRUCCIÓN. La Reconstrucción es la era posterior a la Guerra Civil y duró desde 1865-1877.

Reconstruction

Effects of the Civil War
1. Destruction in the South
  1. Two-thirds of railroads destroyed
  2. Major cities leveled
  3. 250,000 Confederate soldiers died and many more were wounded
  4. Many banks closed and depositors lost their savings
    1. Manufacturing
    2. New inventions
    3. Factories
  5. Newly freed slaves had to start a new life
    1. Freedmen: freed slave
Life for Freedmen
1. Freedmen’s Bureau
  1. Provided food and clothing to former slaves
  2. Helped freedmen find jobs
  3. Provided medical
  4. Set up schools for freedmen
2. Black Codes
  1. Laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen in the south
  2. Each state had their own set of black codes
3. Ku Klux Klan
  1. A secret society developed by some white southerners
  2. The KKK would terrorize freedmen, or anyone that helped African Americans.
    1. They used violence and would kill
4. Jim Crow Laws
  1. Laws that segregated people in public facilities based on their race
    1. Segregate: to separate people
    2. Public facilities includes restaurants, bathrooms, water fountains, theaters, etc.
  2. Plessy v. Ferguson: a Supreme Court case in 1896 that legalized segregation.
5. Sharecropping
  1. A system of farming after the Civil War
  2. Freedmen returned to the plantations to work for their former masters
    1. They were given a small plot of land to farm
    2. They were able to “share” their profits with the plantation owner
    3. Freedmen did not make enough money to support their families
Reconstruction Amendments
1. 13th Amendment (1865)
  1. Banned slavery in the United States
2. 14th Amendment (1868)
  1. Granted citizenship to all people born in the United States.
  2. Equal protection of the laws
3. 15th Amendment (1870)
  1. Forbid any state from denying people the right to vote based on race.
  2. This applied to African American men only.

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