In order to achieve flight, the MAV has two main control actuators: the rotors and the swash-plate. By rotating the rotors at incredible speeds, these rotors are able to achieve thrust and the MAV's yaw rotation. The speed of rotation for the two rotors allow precise control of the MAV's desired movements - to achieve stable hover, both rotors must spin at exactly the same speeds, and to turn, one rotor needs to spin faster than that of the other. The rotors' rate of rotation is used in conjunction with the swash-plate to control the pitch and roll of the MAV. Moving the arms of the swash-plate changes the angle of attack of the rotors as they spin. This causes unequal thrusts and creates rolls or pitches of the vehicle.
The servos and motors work together to control the speed and angle of the blades to achieve flight on the MAV. Each motor is controlled using an Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) which regulates and distributes power from the battery to the motor. The ESCs are controlled by a 16kHz PWM signal that is generated by the flight control system. Similarly, the servos are controlled by a PWM signal that dictates the angle for the servo to hold it's position. This 50Hz signal is also generated by the flight control system.
In order to maintain a stable flight, the MAV uses an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to measure its tilt. This data is sent back to the pilot's display and used to make in-flight corrections to the vehicle. These corrections are made using a PID (Proportional Integral Derivative Controller) which change a combination of swash-plate angle, and motor speed to maintain stable flight.
While flying, the MAV collects and transmits basic telemetry data back to the pilot in order to improve the pilot's awareness when they are remotely operating the MAV. The key pieces of data transmitted to the pilot are yaw pitch and roll angles, payload state, a FPV camera feed, and obstacle proximity to the left and right of the vehicle. All of this information is communicated over WiFi using a ESP32 module and a base station.