Investigative Phenomenon: Why do gems have different properties than metals?
Gems and metals have different properties due to differences in their chemical composition, crystal structure, and bonding between atoms.
Chemical composition: Gems are often composed of complex compounds, such as oxides, silicates, and carbonates, while metals are often composed of elemental metals. The different chemical compositions of gems and metals lead to differences in their properties, such as their hardness, density, and refractive index.
Crystal structure: Gems often have a crystalline structure, meaning that the atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern. The crystal structure of a gem can affect its physical and optical properties, such as its color, transparency, and luster. Metals, on the other hand, often have a metallic crystal structure, which gives them a characteristic luster and allows them to conduct electricity.
Bonding between atoms: The bonding between atoms in gems and metals also affects their properties. Gems often have covalent bonds, which are strong, directional bonds that give the gem its crystal structure and hardness. Metals have metallic bonds, which are weaker, non-directional bonds that allow the metal to be shaped and formed easily.
In summary, gems and metals have different properties due to their different chemical compositions, crystal structures, and types of bonding between atoms.