1. Make it Visual
2. Group Work
3. Suggestions from other ESL teachers
4. It is ok for the ELL students to not talk
5. Allow for scaffolding
6. Culturally Unique Vocabulary
7. Use sentence frames
8. Pre-Teach, if possible
9. Learn about your student's background
10. Do not ask a student to speak on behalf of their culture
11. Show them how to take themselves less serious
12. Always take the student serious
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