Order of sharps: F, C, G, D, A, E, B (Mnemonic: Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle)
Order of flats: B, E, A, D, G, C, F (Mnemonic: Battle Ends And Down Goes Charle's Father) (Or, the first 4 flats spell "bead")
The C Major Scale compared to the C Natural Minor Scale and the corresponding scale degrees.
The top staff shows each scale written with accidentals; the bottom staff rewrites the scale with a key signature.
The D Major Scale compared to the D Natural Minor Scale and the corresponding scale degrees.