• 1.1 Introduction

• 1.2 The End of the Roman Empire in the West

• 1.3 The Legacy of Roman Art

• 1.4 The Legacy of Roman Architecture and Engineering

• 1.5 The Legacy of Roman Language and Writing

• 1.6 The Legacy of Roman Philosophy, Law, and Citizenship

• 1.7 Chapter Summary

• 2.1 Introduction

• 2.2 Western Europe During the Middle Ages

• 2.3 Feudalism: Establishing Order

• 2.4 Monarchs During Feudal Times

• 2.5 Lords and Ladies During Feudal Times

• 2.6 Knights During Feudal Times

• 2.7 Peasants During Feudal Times

• 2.8 Chapter Summary

• 3.1 Introduction

• 3.2 The Christian Church Takes Shape

• 3.3 Sacraments and Salvation in the Middle Ages

• 3.4 Pilgrimages and Crusades

• 3.5 Art and Architecture

• 3.6 Education

• 3.7 Holidays

• 3.8 Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants

• 3.9 Chapter Summary

• 4.1 Introduction

• 4.2 The Growth of Medieval Towns

• 4.3 Guilds

• 4.4 Trade and Commerce

• 4.5 Homes and Households

• 4.6 Disease and Medical Treatment

• 4.7 Crime and Punishment

• 4.8 Leisure and Entertainment

• 4.9 Chapter Summary

• 5.1 Introduction

• 5.2 Political Developments in England

• 5.3 The Bubonic Plague

• 5.4 The Hundred Years' War

• 5.5 Chapter Summary

• 6.1 Introduction

• 6.2 Constantinople

• 6.3 The Reign of Justinian I

• 6.4 The Eastern Orthodox Church

• 6.5 Conflict Between East and West

• 6.6 Chapter Summary

• 7.0 Setting the Stage

• 7.1 Introduction

• 7.2 The Importance of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Lands

• 7.3 The Desert

• 7.4 The Oases

• 7.5 The Coastal Plain

• 7.6 The Mountains

• 7.7 Chapter Summary

• 8.1 Introduction

• 8.2 Arabia During Muhammad's Time

• 8.3 Muhammad's Early Life

• 8.4 The Call to Prophethood

• 8.5 Muhammad's Teaching Meets with Rejection

• 8.6 From the Migration to Medinah to the End of His Life

• 8.7 The Four Caliphs

• 8.8 The Umayyad Dynasty

• 8.9 Chapter Summary

• 9.1 Introduction

• 9.2 Background on Islam

• 9.3 The Qur'an and the Sunnah

• 9.4 The First Pillar- Shahadah

• 9.5 The Second Pillar- Salat

• 9.6 The Third Pillar- Zakat

• 9.7 The Fourth Pillar- Siyam

• 9.8 The Fifth Pillar- Hajj

• 9.9 Jihad

• 9.10 Shari'ah- Islamic Law

• 9.11 Chapter Summary

• 10.1 Introduction

• 10.2 The Flowering of Islamic Civilization

• 10.3 City Building and Architecture

• 10.4 Scholarship and Learning

• 10.5 Science and Technology

• 10.6 Geography and Navigation

• 10.7 Mathematics

• 10.8 Medicine

• 10.9 Bookmaking and Literature

• 10.10 Art and Music

• 10.11 Recreation

• 10.12 Chapter Summary

• 11.1 Introduction

• 11.2 Events Leading Up to the Crusades

• 11.3 The Story of the Crusades

• 11.4 Christians and the Crusades

• 11.5 Muslims and the Crusades

• 11.6 Jews and the Crusades

• 11.7 The Mongol Invasion

• 11.8 New Muslim Empires and the Expansion of Islam

• 11.9 Chapter Summary

• 12.1 Introduction

• 12.2 Geography and Trade

• 12.3 Early Communities and Villages

• 12.4 The Development of Towns and Cities

• 12.5 The Rise of Kingdoms and Empires

• 12.6 Chapter Summary

• 13.1 Introduction

• 13.2 Ghana’s Government and Military

• 13.3 Trade: The Source of Ghana’s Wealth

• 13.4 The Gold-Salt Trade

• 13.5 The Exchange of Goods

• 13.6 The Decline of Ghana and the Rise of Mali

• 13.7 Chapter Summary

• 14.1 Introduction

• 14.2 The Spread of Islam in West Africa

• 14.3 New Religious Practices

• 14.4 New Ideas About Government and Law

• 14.5 A New Emphasis on Education

• 14.6 A New Language

• 14.7 New Architectural Styles

• 14.8 New Styles in Decorative Arts

• 14.9 Chapter Summary

• 15.1 Introduction

• 15.2 Western African Oral and Written Traditions

• 15.3 West African Music

• 15.4 West African Visual Arts

• 15.5 Chapter Summary

• 16.1 Introduction

• 16.2 The Government of Imperial China

• 16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty

• 16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty

• 16.5 Government by Foreigners: The Period of Mongol Rule

• 16.6 The Revival of the Civil Service System

• 16.7 Chapter Summary

• 17.1 Introduction

• 17.2 Changes in Agriculture

• 17.3 The Growth of Trade and Commerce

• 17.4 Urbanization

• 17.5 Chapter Summary

• 18.1 Introduction

• 18.2 Exploration and Travel

• 18.3 Industry

• 18.4 Military Technology

• 18.5 Everyday Objects

• 18.6 Disease Prevention

• 18.7 Chapter Summary

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• 24.1 Introduction

• 24.2 The Aztecs in the Valley of Mexico

• 24.3 Tenochtitlan: A City of Wonders

• 24.4 The Aztec Empire

• 24.5 Chapter Summary

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• 28.1 Introduction

• 28.2 What Was the Renaissance?

• 28.3 The Growth of Trade and Commerce

• 28.4 The Influence of Italian City-States

• 28.5 The Growth of Humanism

• 28.6 Chapter Summary

• 29.1 Introduction

• 29.2 The City of Florence

• 29.3 Advances in Architecture and Engineering

• 29.3 Advances in Painting

• 29.5 Advances in Sculpture

• 29.6 Advances in Literature

• 29.7 Advances in Science and Mathematics

• 29.8 Florentine Politics

• 29.9 Florentine Commerce and Trade

• 29.10 Chapter Summary

• 30.1 Introduction

• 30.2 The Renaissance Spreads Through Europe

• 30.3 Michelangelo, Italian Sculptor and Painter

• 30.4 Titian, Italian Painter

• 30.5 Albrecht Durer, German Artist

• 30.6 Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish Scientist

• 30.7 Andreas Vesalius, Belgian Scientist

• 30.8 Isabella I, Queen of Spain

• 30.9 Elizabeth I, Queen of England

• 30.10 William Shakespeare, English Poet and Playwright

• 30.11 Miguel Cervantes, Spanish Writer

• 30.12 Leonardo da Vinci, Italian Renaissance Person

• 30.13 Chapter Summary

• 31.1 Introduction

• 31.2 The Weakening of the Catholic Church

• 31.3 Early Calls for Reform

• 31.4 Martin Luther Breaks Away from the Church

• 31.5 Other Early Leaders of the Reformation

• 31.6 Chapter Summary

• 32.1 Introduction

• 32.2 Lutheranism

• 32.3 Calvinism

• 32.4 Anglicanism

• 32.5 The Catholic Response- the Counter-Reformation

• 32.6 Effects of the Reformation

• 32.7 Chapter Summary

• 33.1 Introduction

• 33.2 Reasons for the Age of Exploration

• 33.3 Portugal Begins the Age of Exploration

• 33.4 Spain's Early Explorations

• 33.5 Later Spanish Exploration and Conquest

• 33.6 European Exploration of North America

• 33.7 The Impact of Exploration on European Commerce and Economies

• 33.8 Chapter Summary

• 34.1 Introduction

• 34.2 Roots of the Scientific Revolution

• 34.3 Copernicus and Kepler- A New View of the Universe

• 34.4 Galileo and the Copernican Theory

• 34.5 Isaac Newton and the Law of Gravity

• 34.6 The Scientific Method

• 34.7 Key Inventions

• 34.8 Chapter Summary

• 35.1 Introduction

• 35.2 Roots of the Enlightenment

• 35.3 Thomas Hobbes- Absolute Rule by Kings

• 35.4 John Locke- Natural Rights

• 35.5 Baron de Montesquieu- Separation of Powers

• 35.6 Voltaire- Religious Tolerance and Free Speech

• 35.7 Cesare Beccaria- The Rights of the Accused

• 35.8 The Impact of the Enlightenment on Government

• 35.9 Women of the Enlightenment

• 35.10 Chapter Summary