The Math

In Kindergarten, instructional time should focus on two critical focus areas:

(1) representing, relating, and operating on whole numbers, initially with sets of objects

(2) describing shapes and space

The Fluency Expectation for Kindergarten is that students will be able to fluently add & subtract within 5.

In Grade 1, instructional time should focus on four critical areas:

(1) developing understanding of addition, subtraction, and strategies for addition and subtraction within 20;

(2) developing understanding of whole number relationships and place value, including grouping in tens and ones;

(3) developing understanding of linear measurement and measuring lengths as iterating length units; and

(4) reasoning about attributes of, and composing and decomposing geometric shapes.

The Fluency Expectation in Grade 1 is that students will be able to fluently add & subtract within 10, and add & subtract within 20.

In Grade 2, instructional time should focus on four critical areas:

(1) extending understanding of base-ten notation;

(2) building fluency with addition and subtraction;

(3) using standard units of measure; and

(4) describing and analyzing shapes.

The Fluency Expectation in Grade 2 is that students will be able to fluently add & subtract within 20 (know single digit sums from memory) and add & subtract within 100.

In Grade 3, instructional time should focus on four critical areas:

(1) developing understanding of multiplication and division and strategies for multiplication and division within 100;

(2) developing understanding of fractions, especially unit fractions (fractions with numerator 1);

(3) developing understanding of the structure of rectangular arrays and of area; and

(4) describing and analyzing two-dimensional shapes.

The Fluency Expectation in Grade 3 is that students will be able to multiply & divide within 100 (know single digit products from memory), and add & subtract within 1,000.

In grade 4, instructional time should focus on three critical areas:

(1) developing understanding and fluency with multi-digit multiplication, and developing understanding of dividing to find quotients involving multi-digit dividends;

(2) developing an understanding of fraction equivalence, addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators, and multiplication of fractions by whole numbers;

(3) understanding that geometric figures can be analyzed and classified based on their properties, such as having parallel sides, perpendicular sides, particular angle measures, and symmetry.

The Fluency Expectation in Grade 4 is that students will be able to add & subtract within 1,000,000.

In Grade 5, instructional time should focus on three critical areas:

(1) developing fluency with addition and subtraction of fractions, and developing understanding of the multiplication of fractions and of division of fractions in limited cases (unit fractions divided by whole numbers and whole numbers divided by unit fractions);

(2) extending division to 2-digit divisors, integrating decimal fractions into the place value system and developing understanding of operations with decimals to hundredths, and developing fluency with whole number and decimal operations; and

(3) developing understanding of volume.

The Fluency Expectation in Grade 5 is that students will be able to complete multi-digit multiplication.