CWR

What is a Crop Wild Relative?

A Crop Wild Relative (CWR) is a wild species that is closely related to a cultivated crop. It can for example include wild relatives of food crops such as of cereals, vegetables and fruits, or relatives of fodder and forage crops.

Why are Crop Wild Relatives important?

CWRs are one of the tools that can be used to address future challenges on food security, adaptation to climate change, and a sustainable environmentally friendly agriculture. The close relationship between crops and their wild relatives means that traits from CWRs can be transferred to the crop. As modern cultivars may lack the desired variation, diversity found in CWRs can be essential for adaptation to new demands on the crops. CWRs can for example contain variation in resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to cold, waterlogging or adaptation to large seasonal differences in day-length in the Nordic region.

Crop Wild relatives in the Nordic region

The CWRs growing in the Nordic region are, like other wild populations, adapted to the local climate and conditions. This means that the CWRs contain unique adaptations to the marginal conditions of the region and therefore have the potential for facilitating the adaptation of crops to the local conditions.

The Nordic flora is rich in CWRs, especially in wild relatives to forages and berries, and several crop species in these groups have a large part of their genetic diversity originating from our countries. Even if many globally important crops originate from other regions, we can find close relatives to these in our Nordic flora, e.g. widely used vegetables and some cereals.

Examples of CWRs from the Nordic region include the wild turnip (a wild relative of the oil crop turnip rape and pak-choi), sea beet (relative of sugar beets and fodder beets), wild timothy (relative of the forage grass timothy) and crab apple (relative of domesticated apples).