The Aztec empire was situated in the central highlands of Mexico, where the valley of Mexico served as the empire's heartland. this fertile valley was surrounded by snow-capped volcanoes, including Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, and was home to several lakes, including Lake Texcoco, where the capital of Tenochtitlan was built on an island. The empire expanded to encompass diverse geographical regions, including the arid deserts of the north, the tropical rainforests of the east, and the rugged mountains of the west. The Aztecs also controlled parts of the Pacific and Gulf coasts, with their territories stretching from the modern-day states of Guerrero and Oaxaca to Veracruz and Tabasco. This varied geography allowed for a wide range of agricultural practices, trade networks, and cultural exchange, shaping the complex society and economy of the Aztec empire, which later on poured into other parts of the world. 

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Aztec agriculture was a sophisticated and productive system that allowed the empire to feed its large population. The Aztecs developed advanced irrigation systems, including canals, dams, and aqueducts, to support the cultivation of crops like maize (corn), beans, squash, and chili peppers. They also used raised fields, known as chinampas, which were built on shallow lakes or swampy areas, allowing for multiple harvests per year. Additionally, the Aztecs practiced crop rotation, used fertilizers like human waste and ash, and employed terrace farming to prevent soil erosion. These techniques, combined with a deep understanding of astronomy and weather patterns, allowed the Aztecs to achieve high yields and support a complex urban society, with surplus food being traded in markets or used to support the empire's military campaigns. The Aztecs' expertise in agriculture also enabled them to create elaborate gardens and ornamental landscapes, showcasing their artistic and cultural achievements.

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The religion followed by the Aztec's,a Nahuatl-speaking people who ruled a large empire in central and southern Mexico in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Aztec religion was syncretistic, absorbing elements from many other Mesoamerican cultures. At base, it shared many of the cosmological beliefs of earlier peoples notably the Maya, such as that the present earth was the last in a series of creations and that it occupied a position between systems of 13 heavens and 9 underworlds. Pro minent in the Aztec pantheon were Huitzilopoehtli, god of war Tonatiuh, god of the sun Tlaloe, god of rain and Quetzalcoatl the Feathered Serpent, who was part deity and part culture hero. The beliefs of the Aztec concerning the other world and life after death showed the same syncretism. The old paradise of the rain god Thaloc, depicted in the Teotihuacan frescos, opened its gardens to those who died by drowning, lighting, or as a result of leprosy, dropsy,gout, or lung diseases. He was supposed to have caused their death and to have sent their souls to paradise. Two categories of dead persons went up to the heavens as companies of the sun, the Quauhteca (Eagle People) who comprised the warriors who died on the battlefield or on the sacrificial stone, and the merchants who were killed while traveling in faraway places and the women who died while giving birth to their first child thus became Cihuateteo, Divine Women. 

The Aztecs had a hierarchical government where power and responsibility ran from the top down. All absolute power was vested in the Huey Tlatoani, which was the Reverend Speaker, King, High Priest, or emperor-- who was worshipped as a god. The Huey Tlatoani dealt with issues of war, tribute, diplomacy, and expansion of the empire. By his side was his Snake Women or Cihuacoatl (it was always held by a man, usually the emperor's cousin or brother) which was known as the prime minister or a grand vizier. Under the emperor, there was the Council of Four, advisors that were generals from military societies or nobles. The council advised the emperor in his decisions or became the next Huey Tlatoani if something was to happen. The empire required other government offices, which was filled by a city's noble families. They controlled the markets, ran the city's Special Courts, Appellate Courts, and Supreme Court, and managed the constant incoming tribute goods from other far providences. The foundation of the hierarchical structure was family, where interrelated families formed a calpulli, a sort of neighborhood or guild. They organized schools, shrines, and were members of the city council. The main city states were Texcoco, Tlacopan, and Tenochtitlan, with Tenochtitlan typically dominated the others. All of the priesthood, calpullis, and government officials reported to the emperor and his Council of Four to help support the empire as a whole. As long as the providence or territory paid the tribute it owned to the empire, the emperor left the local leaders alone. Aztec government/society contributed to the world and history because its class society is similarly reflected through today's socioeconomic status structure, with those of higher power sitting at the top, and those in between or seen as inferior are placed in the middle or at the bottom of the scale. The network of different governmental bodies, communities, councils, and neighborhoods is also reflected in today's world in order to keep society functioning effectively and efficiently. 

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