In the US, 70% of the national caffeine total is present in coffee beans, 14% in tea leaves, >12% in crystal caffeine, 3% in cacao beans, and the remaining 1% in other resources like the cola nut, maté, and guarana. In fact, guarana is among the plants with the highest caffeine content (3.6%-5.8% by weight), while coffee beans only have up to 2% caffeine by weight.
Caffeine can have multiple names based on its source! For example, caffeine is also known as "theine", "guaranine", or "matein" depending on if it's in tea, guarana, or maté, respectively. Caffeine can also be referred to as "java", but contrary to its aforementioned nicknames, "java" is a nickname based on its origin: in the 17th century, the Dutch planted coffee trees on many Southeast Asian islands, including Java. It's speculated that referring to coffee beans as "java" is meant to indicate that those beans originated from the Indonesian island specifically.
Oftentimes, caffeine is used in combination with other medication to treat migraines, pain, tension headaches, and to help with infancy breathing. People can take caffeinated medication by mouth or IV. Caffeine is effective in medication because headaches are a result of enlarged and inflamed blood vessels, and caffeine actually reduces inflammation by narrowing the blood vessels.
Top left corner: coffee beans; bottom left corner: guarana blossoms; center: maté based drink
Key:
Carbon = white
Hydrogen = cyan
Nitrogen = red
Oxygen = indigo
In ‘84, eleven years after my father was born, a three-walled luncheonette in Barra do Piraí, Rio, began to run seven days a week, from eight in the morning to eleven at night: Pastelaria Nova Barra.
My grandparents owned the luncheonette; although, like most Chinese people in the twentieth century looking for higher-paying work, they moved from their farm in Toison, China to Rio, Brazil one after the other: Ta Chen, my grandfather, had already been living in Rio for a handful of years when Mei Chen, my grandmother, flew across the Pacific with their four kids. Their luncheonette was one of a few shops in the town centre, so small enough that everyone knew everyone.
Like a diner, much of the food was pre-prepared and presented behind a glass display, alongside an island for customers to eat at. Since Pastelaria Nova Barra was open from the morning to late at night, the bestsellers differed. To my father, one of the best was coxinha, a Brazilian croquette filled with chicken and onions, deep-fried and mouth-watering. Pastel, a quadrilateral pastry filled with a variety of meat and vegetables, was another staple both at their business and in Brazilian street food. The famous Coca-Cola was sold in glass bottles back then: the taste incomparably better than our screaming red cans now. However, Guaraná Antarctica, a soda made up of the fruit guarana, and my father’s most favored drink, was unparalleled. As I’m presently listening to him speak, he says that we (my younger brother and I) have actually tried it before; and though I furrow my eyebrows in confusion, my brother confirms his claim, telling me that the taste of guarana faintly resembles the taste of cherry, to which my father agrees.
From what was once only a figment of my father’s knowledge, Pastelaria Nova Barra’s existence has withstood the test of time and has reached me, a young girl in the United States, who has never even once set foot in the luncheonette.
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