s-palmitoylation
in stress-related disorders


SMALL CHANGES - HUGE IMPACT: THE ROLE OF S-PALMITOYLATION AND S-NITROSYLATION INTERPLAY IN THE MICE MODEL OF DEPRESSION

"Small Changes - Huge Impact: The role of S-palmitoylation and S-nitrosylation interplay in the mice model of depression”  project was funded by the National Science Centre under the SONATA BIS 7 grant.


Grant number 2017/26/E/NZ4/00637

Signaling pathways were identified whose activation induces depressive behaviors in mice, and it was demonstrated that postmortem brain samples from individuals with depression reveal disruptions in these signaling pathways. Specifically, it was shown that the signaling pathway involving serotonin receptors and dependent on their palmitoylation is specifically activated during chronic stress and is crucial for the induction of depressive behaviors and changes in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. The study investigated whether prophylactic administration of ketamine affects the structural plasticity of the brain in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. Evidence was provided linking the antidepressant action of ketamine to changes in structural plasticity in the brain. 

An important part of the project's implementation was the creation of a of methods and experimental approaches for analyzing post-translational modifications of proteins and methods for analyzing and statistically assessing changes in synaptic plasticity of dendritic spines. A method was developed to predict palmitoylation sites, methods for segmenting dendritic spines in 3D, and rigorous statistical methods for assessing changes in the morphology of dendritic spines.

The goal of the project was to explore the role of post-translational modifications of synaptic proteins on the structural and functional synaptic plasticity underlying stress-related disorders. Equally important was the methodological aspect of the project, which involved creating and developing methods for analyzing synaptic plasticity both at the level of the structure of dendritic spines (where the postsynaptic part of the synapse is located) and the molecular architecture of the synapse (post-translational modifications of synaptic proteins). The complexity of depressive symptoms observed in humans makes modeling depressive behaviors in rodents a challenge. As part of the project implementation, a highly reproducible protocol was proposed that allows for the creation of mouse models that mimic several aspects of depression, such as anhedonia and loss of motivation. A chronic unpredictable stress protocol was created, which induces anhedonic and stress-resistant behaviors. In this model, a differential analysis of post-translational modifications of synaptic proteins was conducted based on proteomic profiling. Using a combination of behavioral, biochemical, and imaging methods, the project analyzed signaling dependent on serotonin receptors and structural plasticity of dendritic spines in the mouse brain in a model of chronic unpredictable stress inducing depressive behaviors.

The results obtained within the SONATA BIS 7 project funded by National Science Centre grant 2017/26/E/NZ4/00637: