Rahul Sharma working in the Biotechnology Program teaching laboratories.
This project:
Supports talented undergraduate scholars as they develop interdisciplinary research projects to understand the multiple scales involved in the composting processes, from the molecular to the global, through on-campus units.
Empowers undergraduates to act as ambassadors to start campus conversations about the challenges and potential of using biotechnology to enhance composting.
Shares research and resources through campus events that invite multiple partners.
During the 2021-2022 academic year, the Campus as a Classroom (CAC) program supported two students, Gwen Dallmann and Rahul Sharma, as they led efforts to develop compost sampling procedures and DNA extraction protocols for the sequencing of DNA from microbial communities using Nanopore sequencing technologies. Gwen and Rahul did a thorough literature review and worked with Carlos Goller in the Biotechnology Program (BIT) to develop ways to capture the microbial community information using the hand-held Nanopore sequencer. With support from BIT and the College of Sciences IT Technology Tryout Program, we have the equipment to increase the throughput of sample processing and democratize analysis of samples using Google Colabs “notebooks” – interactive documents with R and Python capabilities. Gwen and Rahul’s work can now be expanded to include valuable samples from Mahmoud Sharara (Biological Agricultural Engineering), Joseph Stuckey, Christopher Hopkins, and Adam Bensley and Matt Ball (Composting Facility & Research Cooperative). Dr. Sharara is leading a project focusing on value-added uses of swine manure with composting among the value-adding technologies. He oversaw the development of experimental composting vessels to assess the impacts of process parameters (C/N ratio, aeration rate, etc) on the process performance, GHG emissions, and end-product quality.
We proposed supporting six students to work with Sharara/Stuckey, Hopkins, Bensley/Ball to leverage the expertise and resources of these units and people to study the chemical, physical, and molecular dynamics throughout the composting process and how the microbial communities impact the process emissions and end-product. These students are part of the CAC program and have a valuable opportunity to interact with a diverse group of interdisciplinary researchers!
Compost is a vital step in organic residue management with a wide range of advantages including waste reduction, pathogen reduction, strengthening soils, and promoting healthy plant growth by improving the plant-soil system, reducing the need for potentially harmful pesticides/fertilizers, and nutrient cycling, particularly carbon sequestration[1]. However, monitoring process parameters, including pH, temperature, moisture levels, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and aeration is critical to produce healthy compost and minimize negative emissions and odors. Thermophilic stages of compost production have the ability to inactivate pathogens. Thus, monitoring the composition of the microbial community throughout can provide a clearer picture of the process parameters, modes of operation, and how to leverage specific microbes to optimize production. In addition, insights gained from these experiments have the potential to spur research on deactivating persistent pathogens or viruses, particularly in agricultural or municipal waste streams, such as avian influenza (AI)[2] and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)[3] .
[1] Martínez-Blanco J, Lazcano C, Christensen TH, Muñoz P, Rieradevall J, Møller J, Antón A, Boldrin A. 2013. Compost benefits for agriculture evaluated by life cycle assessment. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 33(4):721–732. doi:10.1007/s13593-013-0148-7.
[2] Elving, J., Emmoth, E., Albihn, A., Vinnerås, B., & Ottoson, J. (2012). Composting for avian influenza virus elimination. Applied and environmental microbiology, 78(9), 3280-3285.
[3] Vitosh-Sillman, S., Loy, J. D., Brodersen, B., Kelling, C., Eskridge, K., & Millmier Schmidt, A. (2017). Effectiveness of composting as a biosecure disposal method for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pig carcasses. Porcine health management, 3(1), 1-12.