Journal Articles By Category

12. “Robotic Workstation for Microscale Synthetic Chemistry: On-Line Absorption Spectroscopy, Quantitative Automated Thin Layer Chromatography, and Multiple Reactions in Parallel,” Lindsey, J. S.; Corkan, L. A.; Erb, D.; Powers, G. J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1988, 59, 940–950. DOI: 10.1063/1.1139755

24. “A retrospective on the automation of laboratory synthetic chemistry,” Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.: Lab. Inf. Mgt. 1992, 17, 15–45. DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(92)90025-B

25. “Experiment manager software for an automated chemistry workstation, including a scheduler for parallel experimentation,” Corkan, L. A.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.: Lab. Inf. Mgt. 1992, 17, 47–74. DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(92)90026-C

26. “Experiment Planner for Strategic Experimentation with an Automated Chemistry Workstation,” Plouvier, J.-C.; Corkan, L. A.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.: Lab. Inf. Mgt. 1992, 17, 75–94. DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(92)90027-D

27. “Application of an automated chemistry workstation to problems in synthetic chemistry,” Corkan, L. A.; Plouvier, J.-C.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.: Lab. Inf. Mgt. 1992, 17, 95–105. DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(92)90028-E

28. “Toward high-performance parallel experimentation machines. Use of a scheduler as a quantitative computer-aided design tool for evaluating workstation performance,” J. S. Lindsey and L. A. Corkan, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.: Lab. Inf. Mgt. 1993, 21, 139–150. DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(93)89004-T

38. “Flexible protocols improve parallel experimentation throughput,” Aarts, R. J.; Lindsey, J. S.; Corkan, L. A.; Smith, S. F. Clin. Chem. 1995, 41, 1004–1010. DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/41.7.1004

63. “Investigation of Cocatalysis Conditions using an Automated Microscale Multireactor Workstation: Synthesis of meso-Tetramesitylporphyrin,” Wagner, R. W.; Li, F.; Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Process Res. Dev. 1999, 3, 28–37. DOI: 10.1021/op9800459

71. “An automated microscale chemistry workstation capable of parallel, adaptive experimentation,” Du, H.; Corkan, L. A.; Yang, K.; Kuo, P. Y.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1999, 48, 181–203. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(99)00019-2

72. “Decision-tree programs for an adaptive automated chemistry workstation: Application to catalyst screening experiments,” Du, H.; Shen, W.; Kuo, P. Y.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1999, 48, 205–217. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(99)00020-9

73. “A planning module for performing grid search, factorial design, and related combinatorial studies on an automated chemistry workstation,” Kuo, P. Y.; Du, H.; Corkan, L. A.; Yang, K.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1999, 48, 219–234. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(99)00021-0

74. “Implementation of the multidirectional search algorithm on an automated chemistry workstation. A parallel yet adaptive approach for reaction optimization,” Du, H.; Jindal, S.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1999, 48, 235–256. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(99)00022-2

75. “Further development of a versatile microscale automated workstation for parallel adaptive experimentation,” Cork, D. G.; Sugawara, T.; Lindsey, J. S.; Corkan, L. A.; Du, H. Lab. Robot. Autom. 1999, 11, 217–223. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(1999)11:4<217::AID-LRA6>3.0.CO;2-C

109. “An experiment planner for performing successive focused grid searches with an automated chemistry workstation,” Dixon, J. M.; Du, H.; Cork, D. G.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2002, 62, 115–128. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(02)00009-6

110. “A parallel simplex search method for use with an automated chemistry workstation,” Matsumoto, T.; Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2002, 62, 129–147. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(02)00010-2

111. “A two-tiered strategy for simplex and multidirectional optimization of reactions with an automated chemistry workstation,” Matsumoto, T.; Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2002, 62, 149–158. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(02)00011-4

112. “An approach for parallel and adaptive screening of discrete compounds followed by optimization using an automated chemistry workstation,” Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2002, 62, 159–170. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7439(02)00012-6

174. “An Experiment Planner for Parallel Multidirectional Searches Using an Automated Chemistry Workstation,” Dixon, J. M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Assoc. Lab. Autom. 2004, 9, 355–363. DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2004.08.001

175. “Performance of Search Algorithms in the Examination of Chemical Reaction Spaces Using an Automated Chemistry Workstation,” Dixon, J. M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Assoc. Lab. Autom. 2004, 9, 364–374. DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2004.08.004

B3. “Design Concepts for Synthetic Chemistry Workstations,” Corkan, A.; Lindsey, J. S. In Advances in Laboratory Automation Robotics Vol. 6, Strimaitis, J. R.; Helfrich, J. P., Eds., Zymark Corp. (Hopkinton, MA), 1990, 477–497.

B4. “Robotic Thin Layer Chromatography Instrument for Synthetic Chemistry,” Corkan, L. A.; Haynes, E.; Kline, S.; Lindsey, J. S. In New Trends in Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis, Quality Assurance, and Regulatory Control; Emran, A. M. Ed., Plenum Press: New York, 1991, 355–370.

B8. “Automated Approaches Toward Reaction Optimization,” Lindsey, J. S. In A Practical Guide To Combinatorial Chemistry; Czarnik, A.; Hobbs-Dewitt, S., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1997, pp 309–326.

B9. “An Automated Microscale Chemistry Workstation Capable of Parallel, Adaptive Experimentation,” Du, H.; Corkan, L. A.; Yang, K.; Kuo, P. Y.; Lindsey, J. S. In Laboratory Automation in the Chemical Industries; Cork, D. G.; Sugawara, T., Eds.; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2002, pp 73–110. (a reprint of Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1999, 48, 181–203.)

462. "Acquisition of Absorption and Fluorescence Spectral Data Using Chatbots,” Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Digit. Discov. 2025, 4, 21–34. DOI: 10.1039/D4DD00255E

Return to top

Bacteriochlorins

184. “De Novo Synthesis of Stable Tetrahydroporphyrinic Macrocycles: Bacteriochlorins and a Tetradehydrocorrin,” Kim, H.-J.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 5475–5486. DOI: 10.1021/jo050467y

219. “Regioselective 15-Bromination and Functionalization of a Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorin,” Fan, D.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 5350–5357. DOI: 10.1021/jo070785s

226. “Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorin Molecules Bearing Tethers for Surface Attachment,” Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Schmidt, I.; Kee, H. L.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2007, 83, 1513–1528. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00195.x

227. “Examination of Tethered Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorin Molecules in Mesoporous Metal-Oxide Solar Cells,” Stromberg, J. R.; Marton, A.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Meyer, G. J.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 15464–15478. DOI: 10.1021/jp0749928

234. “Synthesis and Excited-State Photodynamics of a Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Dyad – Through-Space Versus Through-Bond Energy Transfer In Tetrapyrrole Arrays,” Muthiah, C.; Kee, H. L.; Diers, J. R.; Fan, D.; Ptaszek, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 84, 786–801. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00258.x

235. “Accessing the Near-Infrared Spectral Region with Stable, Synthetic, Wavelength-Tunable Bacteriochlorins,” Taniguchi, M.; Cramer, D. L.; Bhise, A. D.; Kee, H. L.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2008, 32, 947–958. (Cover art for the issue containing paper 235) DOI: 10.1039/B717803D

239. “Swallowtail Bacteriochlorins. Lipophilic Absorbers for the Near-Infrared,” Borbas, K. E.; Ruzié, C.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 1931–1934. DOI: 10.1021/ol800436u

242. “Tailoring a Bacteriochlorin Building Block with Cationic, Amphipathic, or Lipophilic Substituents,” Ruzié, C.; Krayer, M.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 5806–5820. DOI: 10.1021/jo800736c

243. “Examination of Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Energy-Transfer Dyads as Prototypes for Near-Infrared Molecular Imaging Probes,” Kee, H. L.; Nothdurft, R.; Muthiah, C.; Diers, J. R.; Fan, D.; Ptaszek, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Culver, J. P.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 84, 1061–1072. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00409.x

254. “Chlorin-Bacteriochlorin Energy-transfer Dyads as Prototypes for Near-infrared Molecular Imaging Probes: Controlling Charge-transfer and Fluorescence Properties in Polar Media,” Kee, H. L.; Diers, J. R.; Ptaszek, M.; Muthiah, C.; Fan, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2009, 85, 909–920. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00532.x

257. “Fast and Robust Route to Hydroporphyrin–Chalcones with Extended Red or Near-Infrared Absorption,” Ruzié, C.; Krayer, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 1761–1764. DOI: 10.1021/ol900277m

265. “Expanded Scope of Synthetic Bacteriochlorins via Improved Acid Catalysis Conditions and Diverse Dihydrodipyrrin-Acetals,” Krayer, M.; Ptaszek, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Meneely, K. R.; Fan, D.; Secor, K.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 1016–1039. (Selected as featured article) DOI: 10.1021/jo9025572

268. “In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Studies with Stable Synthetic Near-Infrared-Absorbing Bacteriochlorin Photosensitizers,” Huang, Y.-Y.; Mroz, P.; Zhiyentayev, T.; Balasubramanian, T.; Ruzié, C.; Krayer, M.; Fan, D.; Borbas, K. E.; Yang, E.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 4018–4027. DOI: 10.1021/jm901908s

269. “Stable Synthetic Cationic Bacteriochlorins as Selective Antimicrobial Photosensitizers,” Huang, L.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Mroz, P.; Tegos, G. P.; Zhiyentayev, T.; Sharma, S. K.; Lu, Z.; Balasubramanian, T.; Krayer, M.; Ruzié, C.; Yang, E.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 3834–3841. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00125-10

277. “De Novo Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Annulated Bacteriochlorins. Mimicking and Extending the Properties of Bacteriochlorophylls,” Krayer, M.; Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 587–601. DOI: 10.1039/C0NJ00771D

278. “Tapping the Near-Infrared Spectral Region with Bacteriochlorin Arrays,” Lindsey, J. S.; Mass, O.; Chen, C.-Y. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 511–516. DOI: 10.1039/C0NJ00977F

279. “Faile Synthesis of a B,D-Tetradehydrocorrin and Rearrangement to Bacteriochlorins,” Aravindu, K.; Krayer, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 1376–1384. DOI: 10.1039/C1NJ20027E

280. “Synthesis and Photochemical Characterization of Stable Indium Bacteriochlorins,” Krayer, M.; Yang, E.; Kim, H.-J.; Kee, H. L.; Deans, R. M.; Sluder, C. E.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 4607–4618. DOI: 10.1021/ic200325d

284. "Photophysical Properties and Electronic Structure of Stable, Tunable Synthetic Bacteriochlorins: Extending the Features of Native Photosynthetic Pigments," Yang, E.; Kirmaier, C.; Krayer, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115, 10801–10816. DOI: 10.1021/jp205258s

287. "A trans-AB-Bacteriochlorin Building Block," Mass, O.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 9478–9487. DOI: 10.1021/jo201967k

294. “Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Metallobacteriochlorins,” Chen, C.-Y.; Sun, E.; Fan, D.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 9443–9464. DOI: 10.1021/ic301262k

295. “Synthesis and Evaluation of Cationic Bacteriochlorin Amphiphiles with Effective in vitro Photodynamic Activity Against Cancer Cells at Low Nanomolar Concentration,” Sharma, S.; Krayer, M.; Sperandio, F. F.; Huang, L.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2013, 17, 73–85. DOI: 10.1142/S108842461250126X

296. “Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorins for Photodynamic Therapy: Role of Dicyano Peripheral Groups, Central Metal Substitution (2H, Zn, Pd), and Cremophor EL Delivery,” Huang, Y.-Y.; Balasubramanian, T.; Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Hamblin, M. R. ChemMedChem 2012, 7, 2155–2167. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200351

298. “Synthesis and Characterization of Lipophilic, Near-Infrared Absorbing Metallobacteriochlorins,” Sun, E.; Chen, C.-Y.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. J. Chin. Univ. 2013, 34, 776–781. DOI: 10.7503/cjcu20120865

299. “Molecular Electronic Tuning of Photosensitizers to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy: Synthetic Dicyanobacteriochlorins as a Case Study,” Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Hamblin, M. R.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2013, 89, 605–618. DOI: 10.1111/php.12021

302. "Photophysical Properties and Electronic Structure of Bacteriochlorin–Chalcones with Extended Near-Infrared Absorption," Yang, E.; Ruzié, C.; Krayer, M.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2013, 89, 586–604. DOI: 10.1111/php.12053

303. "Palette of Lipophilic Bioconjugatable Bacteriochlorins for Construction of Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures," Reddy, K. R.; Jiang, J.; Krayer, M.; Harris, M. A.; Springer, J. W.; Yang, E.; Jiao, J.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Pandithavidana, D.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Kirmaier, C.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2036–2053. DOI: 10.1039/C3SC22317E

304. "Synthetic Bacteriochlorins with Integral Spiro-piperidine Motifs," Reddy, K. R.; Lubian, E.; Pavan, M. P.; Kim, H.-J.; Yang, E.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2013, 37, 1157–1173. DOI: 10.1039/C3NJ41161C

307. "Amphiphilic Chlorins and Bacteriochlorins in Micellar Environments. Molecular Design, de novo Synthesis, and Photophysical Properties," Aravindu, K.; Mass, O.; Vairaprakash, P.; Springer, J. W.; Yang, E.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 3459–3477. DOI: 10.1039/C3SC51335A

308. "Distinct Photophysical and Electronic Characteristics of Strongly Coupled Dyads Containing a Perylene Accessory Pigment and a Porphyrin, Chlorin, or Bacteriochlorin," Wang, J.; Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 9288–9304. DOI: 10.1021/jp405004d

312. "Hydrophilic Tetracarboxy Bacteriochlorins for Photonics Applications," Jiang, J.; Vairaprakash, P.; Reddy, K. R.; Sahin, T.; Pavan, M. P.; Lubian, E.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014, 12, 86–103. DOI: 10.1039/C3OB41791C

313. "Synthesis of 24 Bacteriochlorin Isotopologues, Each Containing a Symmetrical Pair of 13C or 15N Atoms in the Inner Core of the Macrocycle," Chen, C.-Y.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79,1001–1016. DOI: 10.1021/jo402488n

315. "Probing Electronic Communication for Efficient Light-Harvesting Functionality: Dyads Containing a Common Perylene and a Porphyrin, Chlorin, or Bacteriochlorin," Yang, E.; Wang, J.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 1630–1647. DOI: 10.1021/jp411629m

319. "Amphiphilic, Hydrophilic, or Hydrophobic Synthetic Bacteriochlorins in Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures. Consideration of Molecular Designs," Jiang, J.; Reddy, K. R.; Pavan, M. P.; Lubian, E.; Harris, M. A.; Jiao, J.; Kirmaier, C.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photosyn. Res. 2014, 122, 187–202. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0021-9

320. "NMR Spectral Properties of 16 Synthetic Bacteriochlorins with Site-Specific 13C or 15N Substitution," Chen, C.-Y.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2014, 18, 433–456. (Cover art for the issue containing paper 320) DOI: 10.1142/S1088424614500199

321. "Stable Synthetic Mono-Substituted Cationic Bacteriochlorins Mediate Selective Broad-Spectrum Photoinactivation of Drug-Resistant Pathogens at Nanomolar Concentrations," Huang, L.; Krayer, M.; Roubil, J. G. S.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 2014, 141, 119–127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.016

322. "Vibronic Characteristics and Spin-Density Distributions in Bacteriochlorins as Revealed by Spectroscopic Studies of 16 Isotopologues. Implications for Energy- and Electron-Transfer in Natural Photosynthesis and Artificial Solar-Energy Conversion," Diers, J. R.; Tang, Q.; Hondros, C. J.; Chen, C.-Y.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 7520–7532. DOI: 10.1021/jp504286w

324. "Polarity-Tunable and Wavelength-Tunable Bacteriochlorins Bearing a Single Carboxylic Acid or NHS Ester. Use in a Protein Bioconjugation Model System," Jiang, J.; Chen, C.-Y.; Zhang, N.; Vairaprakash, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 403–419. DOI: 10.1039/C4NJ01340A

328. "Hydrophilic Bioconjugatable trans-AB-Porphyrins and Peptide Conjugates," Sahin, T.; Vairaprakash, P.; Borbas, K. E.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2015, 19, 663–678. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424615500121

330. "Extending the Short and Long Wavelength Limits of Bacteriochlorin Near-Infrared Absorption via Dioxo- and Bisimide-Functionalization," Vairaprakash, P.; Yang, E.; Sahin, T.; Taniguchi, M.; Krayer, M.; Diers, J. R.; Wang, A.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 4382–4395. DOI: 10.1021/jp512818g

331. "Near-infrared tunable bacteriochlorins equipped for bioorthogonal labeling," Jiang, J.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 4534–4550. DOI: 10.1039/C5NJ00209E

333. "Elaboration of an Unexplored Substitution Site in Synthetic Bacteriochlorins," Zhang, N.; Reddy, K. R.; Jiang, J.; Taniguchi, M.; Sommer, R. D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2015, 19, 887–902. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424615500534

334. "Synthetic Bacteriochlorins Bearing Polar Motifs (Carboxylate, Phosphonate, Ammonium and a Short PEG). Water-Solubilization, Bioconjugation, and Photophysical Properties," Jiang, J.; Yang, E.; Reddy, K. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 5694–5714. DOI: 10.1039/C5NJ00759C

337. "Integration of Cyanine, Merocyanine, and Styryl Dye Motifs with Synthetic Bacteriochlorins," Yang, E.; Zhang, N.; Krayer, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2016, 92, 111–125. DOI: 10.1111/php.12547

341. "Synthesis and Photophysical Characteristics of 2,3,12,13-Tetraalkylbacteriochlorins," Zhang, S.; Kim, H.-J.; Tang, Q.; Yang, E.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 5942–5956. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ00517A

345. "Bioconjugatable, PEGylated Hydroporphyrins for Photochemistry and Photomedicine. Narrow-Band, Near-Infrared-Emitting Bacteriochlorins," Zhang, N.; Jiang, J.; Liu, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Mandal, A. K.; Evans-Storms, R. B.; Pitner, J. B.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 7750–7767. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ01155A

347. "Panchromatic chromophore–tetrapyrrole light-harvesting arrays constructed from bodipy, perylene, terrylene, porphyrin, chlorin, and bacteriochlorin building blocks," Hu, G.; Liu, R.; Alexy, E. J.; Mandal, A. K.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 8032–8052. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ01782G

349. "Photophysical comparisons of PEGylated porphyrins, chlorins and bacteriochlorins in water," Mandal, A. K.; Sahin, T.; Liu, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 9648–9656. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ02091G

352. “Northern–Southern Route to Synthetic Bacteriochlorins,” Liu, Y.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2016, 81, 11882–11897. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02334

355. “Synthesis, photophysics and electronic structure of oxobacteriochlorins,” Liu, M.; Chen, C.-Y.; Hood, D.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 3732–3744. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ04135C

356. “Photophysical Characterization of the Naturally Occurring Dioxobacteriochlorin Tolyporphin A and Synthetic Oxobacteriochlorin Analogues, ” Hood, D.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, Y.; Dai, J.; Miller, E. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Williams, P. G.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2017, 93, 1204–1215. DOI: 10.1111/php.12781

357. “Synthesis and photophysical characterization of bacteriochlorins equipped with integral swallowtail substituents,” Liu, Y.; Allu, S.; Reddy, M. N.; Hood, D.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 4360–4376. DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ00499K

358. “Synthesis and Spectral Properties of meso-Arylbacteriochlorins, Including Insights into Essential Motifs of Hydrodipyrrin Precursors,” Reddy, M. N.; Zhang, S.; Kim, H.-J.; Mass, O.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Molecules 2017, 22, 634 (32 pages). DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040634

361. “Synthesis of tailored hydrodipyrrins and examination in directed routes to bacteriochlorins and tetradehydrocorrins,” Zhang, S.; Reddy, M. N.; Mass, O.; Kim, H.-J.; Hu, G.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 11170–11189. DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ01892D

375. “Unusual Stability of a Bacteriochlorin Electrocatalyst Under Reductive Conditions. A Case Study on CO2 Conversion to CO,” Jiang, J.; Matula, A. J.; Swierk, J. R.; Romano, N.; Wu, Y.; Batista, V.; Crabtree, R. H.; Lindsey, J. S.; Wang, H.; Brudvig, G. W. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8, 10131–10136. DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02991

380. “Annulated bacteriochlorins for near-infrared photophysical studies,” Fujita, H.; Jing, H.; Krayer, M.; Allu, S.; Veeraraghavaiah, G.; Wu, Z.; Jiang, J.; Diers, J. R.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Mandal, A. K.; Roy, A.; Niedwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2019, 43, 7209–7232.381. DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ01113G

385. “Bacteriochlorin–bis(spermine) conjugate affords efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacteria,” Ballatore, M. B.; Milanesio, M. E.; Fujita, H.; Lindsey, J. S.; Durantini, E. N. J. Biophotonics 2020, 13, e201960061. DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960061

419. “Synthesis of bacteriochlorins bearing diverse β-substituents,” Jing, H.; Wang, P.; Chen, B.; Jiang, J.; Vairaprakash, P.; Liu, S.; Rong, J.; Chen, C.-Y.; Nalaoh, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2022, 46, 5534–5555. DOI: 10.1039/D1NJ05852E

420. “Meso bromination and derivatization of synthetic bacteriochlorins,” Jing, H.; Liu, S.; Jiang, J.; Tran, V.-P.; Rong, J.; Wang, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2022, 46, 5556–5572. DOI: 10.1039/D1NJ05853C

421. “De Novo Synthesis of Bacteriochlorins Bearing Four Trideuteriomethyl Groups,” Jing, H.; Tang, Q.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. Organics 2022, 3, 22–37. DOI: 10.3390/org3010002

425. “Dihydrooxazine Byproduct of a McMurry-Melton Reaction En Route to a Synthetic Bacteriochlorin,” Tran, V.-P.; Matsumoto, N.; Nalaoh, P.; Jing, H.; Chen, C.-Y.; Lindsey, J. S. Organics 2022, 3, 262–274. DOI: 10.3390/org3030019

427. “Probing the Effects of Electronic-Vibrational Resonance on the Rate of Excited-State Energy Transfer in Bacteriochlorin Dyads,” Magdaong, N. C. M.; Jing, H.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 7906–7910. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02154

429. “Balancing Panchromatic Absorption and Multistep Charge Separation in a Compact Molecular Architecture,” Roy, A.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Jing, H.; Rong, J.; Diers, J. R.; Kang, H. S.; Mandal, A. K.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Taniguchi, M.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126, 9353–9365. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06040

431. “Dyads with Tunable Near-Infrared Donor–Acceptor Excited-State Energy Gaps: Molecular Design and Förster Analysis for Ultrafast Energy Transfer,” Jing, H.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2023, 25, 1827–1847. DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04689j

433. “Investigation of a Bacteriochlorin-containing Pentad for Panchromatic Light-Harvesting and Charge Separation,” Jing, H.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2023, 25, 1781–1798. DOI: 10.1039/D2CP05400K

440. “Bacteriochlorin Syntheses – Status, Problems, and Exploration,” Tran, V.-P.; Wang, P.; Matsumoto, N.; Liu, S.; Jing, H.; Nalaoh, P.; Chau Nguyen, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2023, 27, 1502–1551. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424623501171

451. “Extension of Nature’s NIR-I Chromophore into the NIR-II Region,” Siwawannapong, K.; Diers, J. R.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Nalaoh, P.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2024, 26, 14228–14243. DOI: 10.1039/D4CP00779D

Return to top

(Bacterio)chlorophylls and Phyllobilins

354. “Construction of the Bacteriochlorin Macrocycle with Concomitant Nazarov Cyclization To Form the Annulated Isocyclic Ring: Analogues of Bacteriochlorophyll a,” Zhang, S.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 2489–2504. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02878

371. “Total synthesis campaigns toward chlorophylls and related natural hydroporphyrins – diverse macrocycles, unrealized opportunities,” Liu, Y.; Zhang, S.; Lindsey, J. S. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2018, 35, 879–901. DOI: 10.1039/C8NP00020D

383. “Synthesis of the Ring C Pyrrole of Native Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls,” Wang, P.; Nguyen, K. C.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 11286–11293. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01650

387. "Use of the Nascent Isocyclic Ring to Anchor Assembly of the Full Skeleton of Model Chlorophylls,” Wang, P.; Lu, F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 85, 702–715. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02770

392. "Asymmetric Synthesis of a Bacteriochlorophyll Model Compound Containing trans-Dialkyl Substituents in Ring D," Chau Nguyen, K.; Wang, P.; Sommer, R. D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 85, 6605–6619. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00608

393. "Riley Oxidation of Heterocyclic Intermediates on Paths to Hydroporphyrins – A Review," Wang, P.; Lindsey, J. S. Molecules 2020, 25, 1858. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081858

401. "Study of conditions for streamlined assembly of a model bacteriochlorophyll from two dihydrodipyrrin halves," Chau Nguyen, K.; Wang, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2021, 45, 569–581. DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ04855K

413. “Synthesis of model bacteriochlorophylls containing substituents of native rings A, C and E,” Chung, D. T. M.; Tran, P. V.; Chau Nguyen, K.; Wang, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2021, 45, 13302–13316. DOI: 10.1039/D1NJ02469H

414. “Synthesis of AD-Dihydrodipyrrins Equipped with Latent Substituents of Native Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls,” Wang, P.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 11794–11811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01239

437. “Four Routes to 3-(3-Methoxy-1,3-dioxopropyl)pyrrole, a Core Motif of Rings C and E in Photosynthetic Tetrapyrroles,” Chau Nguyen, K.; Nguyen Tran, A. T.; Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Wu, Z.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Molecules 2023, 28, 1323. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031323

440. “Bacteriochlorin Syntheses – Status, Problems, and Exploration,” Tran, V.-P.; Wang, P.; Matsumoto, N.; Liu, S.; Jing, H.; Nalaoh, P.; Chau Nguyen, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2023, 27, 1502–1551. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424623501171

441. "Synthesis of model Southern rim structures of photosynthetic tetrapyrroles and phyllobilins," Nguyen Tran, A. T.; Wu, Z.; Chung, D. T. M.; Nalaoh, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2023, 47, 13626–13637. DOI: 10.1039/D3NJ02515B

442. “Synthesis of a BC-Dihydrodipyrrin Building Block of Bacteriochlorophyll a,” Chau Nguyen, K.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 11205–11216. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01216

445. “Synthesis of Chiral Hexynones for Use as Precursors to Native Photosynthetic Hydroporphyrins,” Chau Nguyen, K.; Chung, D. T. M.; Nalaoh, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2024, 48, 2097–2117. DOI: 10.1039/D3NJ03900E

450. “On the Pelletier and Caventou (1817, 1818) Papers on Chlorophyll and Beyond,” Govindjee, G.; Stirbet, A.; Lindsey, J. S.; Scheer, H. Photosynth. Res. 2024, 160, 55–60. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01081-x

453. “Synthesis of A Model Phyllobilin Bearing an Optical Marker,” Nguyen Tran, A. T.; Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Jovanovic, M.; Siewert, B.; Moser, S.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2024, 48, 12091–12101. DOI:10.1039/D4NJ01533A

Return to top

Bioconjugate Chemistry

197. “Bioconjugatable Porphyrins Bearing a Compact Swallowtail Motif for Water Solubility,” Borbas, K. E.; Mroz, P.; Hamblin, M. R.; Lindsey, J. S. Bioconjugate Chem. 2006, 17, 638–653. DOI: 10.1021/bc050337w

219. “Regioselective 15-Bromination and Functionalization of a Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorin,” Fan, D.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 5350–5357. DOI: 10.1021/jo070785s

233. “A Compact Water-Soluble Porphyrin Bearing An Iodoacetamido Bioconjugatable Site,” Borbas, K. E.; Kee, H. L.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2008, 6, 187–194. DOI: 10.1039/B715072E

246. “Design and Synthesis of Water-Soluble Bioconjugatable trans-AB-Porphyrins,” Muresan, A. Z.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 11440–11448. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.096

303. "Palette of Lipophilic Bioconjugatable Bacteriochlorins for Construction of Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures," Reddy, K. R.; Jiang, J.; Krayer, M.; Harris, M. A.; Springer, J. W.; Yang, E.; Jiao, J.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Pandithavidana, D.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Kirmaier, C.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2036–2053. DOI: 10.1039/C3SC22317E

307. "Amphiphilic Chlorins and Bacteriochlorins in Micellar Environments. Molecular Design, de novo Synthesis, and Photophysical Properties," Aravindu, K.; Mass, O.; Vairaprakash, P.; Springer, J. W.; Yang, E.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 3459–3477. DOI: 10.1039/C3SC51335A

312. "Hydrophilic Tetracarboxy Bacteriochlorins for Photonics Applications," Jiang, J.; Vairaprakash, P.; Reddy, K. R.; Sahin, T.; Pavan, M. P.; Lubian, E.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014, 12, 86–103. DOI: 10.1039/C3OB41791C

324. "Polarity-Tunable and Wavelength-Tunable Bacteriochlorins Bearing a Single Carboxylic Acid or NHS Ester. Use in a Protein Bioconjugation Model System," Jiang, J.; Chen, C.-Y.; Zhang, N.; Vairaprakash, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 403–419. DOI: 10.1039/C4NJ01340A

328. "Hydrophilic Bioconjugatable trans-AB-Porphyrins and Peptide Conjugates," Sahin, T.; Vairaprakash, P.; Borbas, K. E.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2015, 19, 663–678. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424615500121

331. "Near-infrared tunable bacteriochlorins equipped for bioorthogonal labeling," Jiang, J.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 4534–4550. DOI: 10.1039/C5NJ00209E

334. "Synthetic Bacteriochlorins Bearing Polar Motifs (Carboxylate, Phosphonate, Ammonium and a Short PEG). Water-Solubilization, Bioconjugation, and Photophysical Properties," Jiang, J.; Yang, E.; Reddy, K. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 5694–5714. DOI: 10.1039/C5NJ00759C

344. "Bioconjugatable, PEGylated Hydroporphyrins for Photochemistry and Photomedicine. Narrow-Band, Red-Emitting Chlorins," Liu, M.; Chen, C.-Y.; Mandal, A. K.; Chandrashaker, V.; Evans-Storms, R. B.; Pitner, J. B.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 7721–7740. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ01154C

345. "Bioconjugatable, PEGylated Hydroporphyrins for Photochemistry and Photomedicine. Narrow-Band, Near-Infrared-Emitting Bacteriochlorins," Zhang, N.; Jiang, J.; Liu, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Mandal, A. K.; Evans-Storms, R. B.; Pitner, J. B.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 7750–7767. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ01155A

384. “Bioconjugatable synthetic chlorins rendered water-soluble with three PEG-12 groups via click chemistry,” Matsumoto, N.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2020, 24, 362–378. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424619501219

396. "Peptide-based scaffolds for in vivo immobilization and enzyme attachment in therapeutic applications," Lee, D. L.; Chin, H.-L. M.; Knudsen, C. G.; Mayers, G. L.; Rose, D. S.; Skogstrom, R. K.; Palzkill, T.; Fujita, H.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Lindsey, J. S. Proc. SPIE 2020, 11477, 1147708. DOI: 10.1117/12.2566895

412. “Design, Synthesis, and Utility of Defined Molecular Scaffolds,” Sato, D.; Wu, Z.; Fujita, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Organics 2021, 2, 161–273. DOI: 10.3390/org2030013

447. “Chlorin–Dextran Conjugates for Brightness Enhancement in Water,” Liu, S.; Lindsey, J. S.; Taniguchi, M. Proc. SPIE 2024, 12862, 128620A. DOI: 10.1117/12.3000409

Return to top

Biomedical Science

Diagnostics

59. “Analysis of sugar phosphates and related compounds using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection,” Ciringh, Y.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 816, 251–259. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00488-9

370. “Red and near-infrared fluorophores inspired by chlorophylls: consideration of practical brightness in multicolor flow cytometry and biomedical sciences,” Taniguchi, M.; Hu, G.; Liu, R.; Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Proc. SPIE 2018, 10508, 1050806. DOI: 10.1117/12.2302709

446. “Rapid Screening of Dyes for Self-Aggregation, Adsorption, and Metabolic Integrity – Quantitative Metrics as a Prelude to Biological Studies,” Liu, Q.; Taniguchi, M.; Goel, S.; Lindsey, J. S. Dyes Pigments 2024, 223, 111914. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111914

In situ chemistry

386. “Enzymatically triggered chromogenic cross-linking agents under physiological conditions,” Fujita, H.; Dou, J.; Matsumoto, N.; Wu, Z.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2020, 44, 719–743. DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ04126E

388. "Chromogenic agents built around a multifunctional double-triazine framework for enzymatically triggered cross-linking under physiological conditions," Fujita, H.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2020, 44, 3856–3867. DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ06187H

396. "Peptide-based scaffolds for in vivo immobilization and enzyme attachment in therapeutic applications," Lee, D. L.; Chin, H.-L. M.; Knudsen, C. G.; Mayers, G. L.; Rose, D. S.; Skogstrom, R. K.; Palzkill, T.; Fujita, H.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Lindsey, J. S. Proc. SPIE 2020, 11477, 1147708. DOI: 10.1117/12.2566895

397. "Engineering of an archaeal phosphodiesterase to trigger aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of synthetic substrates," Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Takashima, I.; Nguyen, K.-U.; Matsumoto, N.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2020, 44, 14266–14277. DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ03208E

432. “Tailoring the AIE Chromogen 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole for Use in Enzyme-Triggered Molecular Brachytherapy,” Wu, Z.; Dou, J.; Nguyen, K.-U.; Eppley, J. C.; Siwawannapong, K.; Zhang, Y.; Lindsey, J. S. Molecules 2022, 27, 8682. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248682

436. “Indoxyl-Glucosides Bearing Tethers for Enzymatically Triggered Cross-linking,” Sato, D.; Wu, Z.; Dou, J.; Son, J.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2023, 47, 8223–8242. DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06267d

439. “Tethered Indoxyl-Glucuronides for Enzymatically Triggered Cross-linking” Son, J.; Wu, Z.; Dou, J.; Fujita, H.; Cao, P.-L. D.; Liu, Q.; Lindsey, J. S. Molecules 2023, 28, 4143. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104143

455. “Molecular Design for Sub-Micromolar Enzyme-Instructed Self-Assembly (EISA),” Liu, Q.; Ntim, T.; Wu, Z.; Houson, H. A.; Lapi, S. E.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2024, 48, 11233–11242. DOI: 10.1039/D4NJ01798F

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)

245. “Photophysical Characterization of Imidazolium-Substituted Pd(II), In(III), and Zn(II) Porphyrins as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy,” Kee, H. L.; Bhaumik, J.; Diers, J. R.; Mroz, P.; Hamblin, M. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2008, 200, 346–355. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.08.006

252. “Tandem Dispersion and Killing of Bacteria from a Biofilm,” Rogers, S. A.; Krayer, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Melander, C. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2009, 7, 603–606. DOI: 10.1039/B817923A

255. “Imidazole Metalloporphyrins as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Role of Molecular Charge, Central Metal and Hydroxyl Radical Production,” Mroz, P.; Bhaumik, J.; Dogutan, D. K.; Aly, Z.; Kamal, Z.; Khalid, L.; Kee, H. L.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. Cancer Lett. 2009, 282, 63–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.054

266. “Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorins Overcome the Resistance of Melanoma to Photodynamic Therapy,” Mroz, P.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Szokalska, A.; Zhiyentayev, T.; Janjua, S.; Nifli, A.-P.; Sherwood, M. E.; Ruzié, C.; Borbas, K. E.; Fan, D.; Krayer, M.; Balasubramanian, T.; Yang, E.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. FASEB J. 2010, 24, 3160–3170. DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-152587

268. “In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Studies with Stable Synthetic Near-Infrared-Absorbing Bacteriochlorin Photosensitizers,” Huang, Y.-Y.; Mroz, P.; Zhiyentayev, T.; Balasubramanian, T.; Ruzié, C.; Krayer, M.; Fan, D.; Borbas, K. E.; Yang, E.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 4018–4027. DOI: 10.1021/jm901908s

269. “Stable Synthetic Cationic Bacteriochlorins as Selective Antimicrobial Photosensitizers,” Huang, L.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Mroz, P.; Tegos, G. P.; Zhiyentayev, T.; Sharma, S. K.; Lu, Z.; Balasubramanian, T.; Krayer, M.; Ruzié, C.; Yang, E.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 3834–3841. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00125-10

295. “Synthesis and Evaluation of Cationic Bacteriochlorin Amphiphiles with Effective in vitro Photodynamic Activity Against Cancer Cells at Low Nanomolar Concentration,” Sharma, S.; Krayer, M.; Sperandio, F. F.; Huang, L.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2013, 17, 73–85. DOI: 10.1142/S108842461250126X

296. “Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorins for Photodynamic Therapy: Role of Dicyano Peripheral Groups, Central Metal Substitution (2H, Zn, Pd), and Cremophor EL Delivery,” Huang, Y.-Y.; Balasubramanian, T.; Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Hamblin, M. R. ChemMedChem 2012, 7, 2155–2167. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200351

299. “Molecular Electronic Tuning of Photosensitizers to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy: Synthetic Dicyanobacteriochlorins as a Case Study,” Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Hamblin, M. R.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2013, 89, 605–618. DOI: 10.1111/php.12021

321. "Stable Synthetic Mono-Substituted Cationic Bacteriochlorins Mediate Selective Broad-Spectrum Photoinactivation of Drug-Resistant Pathogens at Nanomolar Concentrations," Huang, L.; Krayer, M.; Roubil, J. G. S.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Hamblin, M. R. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 2014, 141, 119–127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.016

385. “Bacteriochlorin–bis(spermine) conjugate affords efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacteria,” Ballatore, M. B.; Milanesio, M. E.; Fujita, H.; Lindsey, J. S.; Durantini, E. N. J. Biophotonics 2020, 13, e201960061. DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960061

Therapeutics studies

223. “Design and synthesis of manganese porphyrins with tailored lipophilicity: Investigation of redox properties and superoxide dismutase activity,” Lahaye, D.; Muthukumaran, K.; Gryko, D.; Hung, C.-H.; Spasojevic, I.; Batinic-Haberle, I.; Lindsey, J. S. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2007, 15, 7066–7086. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.015

232. “Soluble Precipitable Porphyrins for Use in Targeted Molecular Brachytherapy,” Yao, Z.; Borbas, K. E.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2008, 32, 436–451. DOI: 10.1039/B714127K

424. “Simple Dipyrrin Analogues of Prodigiosin for Use as Colistin Adjuvants,” Siwawannapong, K.; Nemeth, A. M.; Melander, R. J.; Rong, J.; Davis, J. R.; Taniguchi, M.; Carpenter, M. E.; Lindsey, J. S.; Melander, C. ChemMedChem 2022, e202200286. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200286

448. “Customizable Porphyrin Platform Enables Folate Receptor PET Imaging Using Copper-64,” Houson, H. A.; Wu, Z.; Cao, P.-L. D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Lapi, S. E. Mol. Pharm. 2024, 21, 2441–2455. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00015

Return to top

Chlorins

89. “Rational Synthesis of Meso-Substituted Chlorin Building Blocks,” Strachan, J.-P.; O’Shea, D. F.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 3160–3172. Additions and Corrections: Strachan, J.-P.; O’Shea, D. F.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 642. DOI: 10.1021/jo991942t

101. “Rational Synthesis of β-Substituted Chlorin Building Blocks,” Balasubramanian, T.; Strachan, J.-P.; Boyle, P. D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7919–7929. DOI: 10.1021/jo000913b

120. “Synthesis of meso-Substituted Chlorins via Tetrahydrobilene-a Intermediates,” Taniguchi, M.; Ra, D.; Mo, G.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 7342–7354. DOI: 10.1021/jo0104835

137. “Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Regioisomerically Pure Oxochlorins,” Taniguchi, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Ra, D.; Schwartz, J. K.; Kirmaier, C.; Hindin, E.; Diers, J. R.; Prathapan, S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 7329–7342. DOI: 10.1021/jo025843i

141. “Synthesis and Excited-State Photodynamics of A Perylene-Monoimide-Oxochlorin Dyad. A Light-Harvesting Array,” Muthukumaran, K.; Loewe, R. S.; Kirmaier, C.; Hinden, E.; Schwartz, J. K.; Sazanovich, I. V.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 3431–3442. DOI: 10.1021/jp026941a

142. “Synthesis and Excited-State Photodynamics of Perylene-Bis(imide)-Oxochlorin Dyads. A Charge-Separation Motif,” Kirmaier, C.; Hinden, E.; Schwartz, J. K.; Sazanovich, I. V.; Diers, J. R.; Muthukumaran, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 3443–3454. DOI: 10.1021/jp0269423

161. “Photophysical Properties of Phenylethyne-Linked Porphyrin and Oxochlorin Dyads,” Hindin, E.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Tomizaki, K.-Y.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 8190–8200. DOI: 10.1021/jp037614l

179. “Introduction of a Third Meso Substituent into Diaryl Chlorins and Oxochlorins,” Taniguchi, M.; Kim, M. N.; Ra, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 275–285. DOI: 10.1021/jo048440m

202. “Synthetic Chlorins Bearing Auxochromes at the 3- and 13-Positions,” Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 4092–4102. Additions and Corrections: Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5122. DOI: 10.1021/jo060208o

205. “A New Route for Installing the Isocyclic Ring in Chlorins Yielding 13¹-Oxophorbines,” Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 7049–7052. DOI: 10.1021/jo0608265

211. “Sparsely Substituted Chlorins as Core Constructs in Chlorophyll Analogue Chemistry. Part 1: Synthesis,” Ptaszek, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Taniguchi, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 3826–3839. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.038

212. “Sparsely substituted chlorins as core constructs in chlorophyll analogue chemistry. Part 2: Derivatization,” Taniguchi, M.; Ptaszek, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 3840–3849. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.076

213. “Sparsely substituted chlorins as core constructs in chlorophyll analogue chemistry. Part 3: Spectral and structural properties,” Taniguchi, M.; Ptaszek, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Boyle, P. D.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 3850–3863. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.040

214. “Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 1: Synthesis, Vibrational Properties and Excited-state Decay Characteristics,” Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Tang, Q.; Diers, J. R.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Laha, J. K.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2007, 83, 1110–1124. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00150.x

215. “Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 2: Redox Properties, Optical Spectra and Electronic Structure,” Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Tang, Q.; Diers, J. R.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Laha, J. K.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2007, 83, 1125–1143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00151.x

220. “Rational Routes to Formyl-Substituted Chlorins,” Muthiah, C.; Bhaumik, J.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 5839–5842. DOI: 10.1021/jo0707885

226. “Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorin Molecules Bearing Tethers for Surface Attachment,” Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Schmidt, I.; Kee, H. L.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2007, 83, 1513–1528. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00195.x

227. “Examination of Tethered Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorin Molecules in Mesoporous Metal-Oxide Solar Cells,” Stromberg, J. R.; Marton, A.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Meyer, G. J.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 15464–15478. DOI: 10.1021/jp0749928

229. “Two Complementary Routes to 7-Substituted Chlorins. Partial Mimics of Chlorophyll b,” Muthiah, C.; Ptaszek, M.; Nguyen, T. M.; Flack, K. M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 7736–7749. DOI: 10.1021/jo701500d

230. “Synthesis and Structural Properties of Porphyrin Analogues of Bacteriochlorophyll c,” Ptaszek, M.; Yao, Z.; Savithri, D.; Boyle, P. D.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 12629–12638. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.023

234. “Synthesis and Excited-State Photodynamics of a Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Dyad – Through-Space Versus Through-Bond Energy Transfer In Tetrapyrrole Arrays,” Muthiah, C.; Kee, H. L.; Diers, J. R.; Fan, D.; Ptaszek, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 84, 786–801. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00258.x

236. “Design, Synthesis, and Photophysical Properties of Water-Soluble Chlorins,” Borbas, K. E.; Chandrashaker, V.; Muthiah, C.; Kee, H. L.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 3145–3158. DOI: 10.1021/jo7026728

243. “Examination of Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Energy-Transfer Dyads as Prototypes for Near-Infrared Molecular Imaging Probes,” Kee, H. L.; Nothdurft, R.; Muthiah, C.; Diers, J. R.; Fan, D.; Ptaszek, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Culver, J. P.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 84, 1061–1072. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00409.x

247. “Regiospecifically α-¹³C-Labeled Porphyrins for Studies of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Muresan, A. Z.; Thamyongkit, P.; Diers, J. R.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 6947–6959. (Selected as featured article) DOI: 10.1021/jo8012836

254. “Chlorin-Bacteriochlorin Energy-transfer Dyads as Prototypes for Near-infrared Molecular Imaging Probes: Controlling Charge-transfer and Fluorescence Properties in Polar Media,” Kee, H. L.; Diers, J. R.; Ptaszek, M.; Muthiah, C.; Fan, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2009, 85, 909–920. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00532.x

257. “Fast and Robust Route to Hydroporphyrin–Chalcones with Extended Red or Near-Infrared Absorption,” Ruzié, C.; Krayer, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 1761–1764. DOI: 10.1021/ol900277m

258. “Regioselective Bromination Tactics in the De Novo Synthesis of Chlorophyll b Analogues,” Muthiah, C.; Lahaye, D.; Taniguchi, M.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 3237–3247. (Selected as featured article and as cover art) DOI: 10.1021/jo9002954

260. “Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of 12-Substituted versus 13-Substituted Chlorins,” Mass, O.; Ptaszek, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Kee, H. L.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5276–5289. DOI: 10.1021/jo900706x

267. “De Novo Synthesis of Long-Wavelength Absorbing Chlorin-13,15-Dicarboximides,” Ptaszek, M.; Lahaye, D.; Krayer, M.; Muthiah, C.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 1659–1673. DOI: 10.1021/jo902649d

285. "De Novo Synthesis and Properties of Analogues of the Self-Assembling Chlorosomal Bacteriochlorophylls," Mass, O.; Pandithavidana, D. R.; Ptaszek, M.; Santiago, K.; Springer, J. W.; Jiao, J.; Tang, Q.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 2671–2690. DOI: 10.1039/C1NJ20611G

288. “Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 3: The Distinctive Impact of Auxochromes at the 7- versus 3-Positions,” Springer, J. W.; Faries, K. M.; Diers, J. R.; Muthiah, C.; Mass, O.; Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2012, 88, 651–674. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01083.x

308. "Distinct Photophysical and Electronic Characteristics of Strongly Coupled Dyads Containing a Perylene Accessory Pigment and a Porphyrin, Chlorin, or Bacteriochlorin," Wang, J.; Yang, E.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 9288–9304. DOI: 10.1021/jp405004d

311. "Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Chlorins Bearing 0–4 Distinct meso-Substituents," Aravindu, K.; Kim, H.-J.; Taniguchi, M.; Dilbeck, P. L.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2013, 12, 2089–2109. DOI: 10.1039/C3PP50240F

315. "Probing Electronic Communication for Efficient Light-Harvesting Functionality: Dyads Containing a Common Perylene and a Porphyrin, Chlorin, or Bacteriochlorin," Yang, E.; Wang, J.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 1630–1647. DOI: 10.1021/jp411629m

317. "Regioselective β-Pyrrolic Bromination of Hydrodipyrrin–Dialkylboron Complexes Facilitates Access to Synthetic Models for Chlorophyll f," Liu, M.; Ptaszek, M.; Mass, O.; Minkler, D. F.; Sommer, R. D.; Bhaumik, J.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2014, 38, 1717–1730. DOI: 10.1039/C3NJ01508D

318. "Photophysical Properties and Electronic Structure of Retinylidene–Chlorin–Chalcones and Analogues," Springer, J. W.; Taniguchi, M.; Krayer, M.; Ruzié, C.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2014, 13, 634–650. DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50421b

326. "Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 4: How Formyl Group Location Dictates the Spectral Properties of Chlorophylls b, d and f," Yuen, J.; Harris, M. A.; Liu, M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2015, 91, 331–342. DOI: 10.1111/php.12401

327. "Progress Towards Synthetic Chlorins with Graded Polarity, Conjugatable Substituents, and Wavelength Tunability," Ra, D.; Gauger, K. A.; Muthukumaran, K.; Balasubramanian, T.; Chandrashaker, V.; Taniguchi, M.; Yu, Z.; Talley, D. C.; Ehudin, M.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2015, 19, 547–572. (Cover art for the issue containing paper 327) DOI: 10.1142/S1088424615500042

329. "Photophysical Properties and Electronic Structure of Chlorin–Imides: Bridging the Gap Between Chlorins and Bacteriochlorins," Faries, K. M.; Diers, J. R.; Springer, J. W.; Yang, E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lahaye, D.; Krayer, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 7503–7515. DOI: 10.1021/jp511257w

332. "De Novo Synthesis of Gem-Dialkyl Chlorophyll Analogues for Probing and Emulating our Green World," Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 6534–6620. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00065

339. "Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins," Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 344–535. Special issue on Light-Harvesting, 01/25/2017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696

359. “Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis by a Sparsely Substituted Cobalt Chlorin,” Maher, A. G.; Passard, G.; Dogutan, D. K.; Halbach, R. L.; Anderson, B. L.; Gagliardi, C. J.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S.; Nocera, D. G. ACS Catalysis 2017, 7, 3597–3606. DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00969

368. “Chlorophyll-Inspired Red-Region Fluorophores: Building Block Syntheses and Studies in Aqueous Media,” Liu, R.; Liu, M.; Hood, D.; Chen, C. -Y.; MacNevin, C. J.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Molecules 2018, 23, 130 (30 pages). Special issue: Advanced Functional Dyes. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010130

370. “Red and near-infrared fluorophores inspired by chlorophylls: consideration of practical brightness in multicolor flow cytometry and biomedical sciences,” Taniguchi, M.; Hu, G.; Liu, R.; Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. Proc. SPIE 2018, 10508, 1050806. DOI: 10.1117/12.2302709

372. “Synthesis of arrays containing porphyrin, chlorin, and perylene-imide constituents for panchromatic light-harvesting and charge separation,” Hu, G.; Kang, H. S.; Mandal, A. K.; Roy, A.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 23854–23874. DOI: 10.1039/C8RA04052D

384. “Bioconjugatable synthetic chlorins rendered water-soluble with three PEG-12 groups via click chemistry,” Matsumoto, N.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2020, 24, 362–378. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424619501219

418. “Beyond Green with Synthetic Chlorophylls – Connecting Structural Features with Spectral Properties,” Taniguchi, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 2022, 52, 100513. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100513

422. “Chasing the green echiuran worm Bonellia in tidal pools of Okinawa,” Taniguchi, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Zhang, R.; Goto, R.; Lindsey, J. S. Proc. SPIE 2022, 11979, 119790A. DOI: 10.1117/12.2608722

447. “Chlorin–Dextran Conjugates for Brightness Enhancement in Water,” Liu, S.; Lindsey, J. S.; Taniguchi, M. Proc. SPIE 2024, 12862, 128620A. DOI: 10.1117/12.3000409

458. “Synthesis of (Oxo)chlorin Dimers Chelated with Thallium(III),” Aravindu, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2024, 28, 527–535. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424624500524

Return to top

Corrin analogues

184. “De Novo Synthesis of Stable Tetrahydroporphyrinic Macrocycles: Bacteriochlorins and a Tetradehydrocorrin,” Kim, H.-J.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 5475–5486. DOI: 10.1021/jo050467y

279. “Faile Synthesis of a B,D-Tetradehydrocorrin and Rearrangement to Bacteriochlorins,” Aravindu, K.; Krayer, M.; Kim, H.-J.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 1376–1384. DOI: 10.1039/C1NJ20027E

309. "Serendipitous Synthetic Entrée to Tetradehydro Analogues of Cobalamins," Deans, R. M.; Mass, O.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2013, 37, 3964–3975. DOI: 10.1039/C3NJ00574G

361. “Synthesis of tailored hydrodipyrrins and examination in directed routes to bacteriochlorins and tetradehydrocorrins,” Zhang, S.; Reddy, M. N.; Mass, O.; Kim, H.-J.; Hu, G.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 11170–11189. DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ01892D

423. “Synthesis and Properties of Metalated Tetradehydrocorrins,” Sun, R.; Liu, M.; Wang, P.; Qin, Y.; Schnedermann, C.; Maher, A. G.; Zheng, S.-L.; Liu, S.; Chen, B.; Zhang, S.; Dogutan, D. K.; Lindsey, J. S.; Nocera, D. G. Inorg. Chem. 2022, 12308–12317. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01642

Return to top

Dipyrromethanes / Dipyrrins

1-flask dipyrromethane synthesis

35. “One-flask synthesis of meso-substituted dipyrromethanes and their application in the synthesis of trans-substituted porphyrin building blocks,” Lee, C.-H.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 11427–11440. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89282-6

65. “Refined Synthesis of 5-Substituted Dipyrromethanes,” Littler, B. J.; Miller, M. A.; Hung, C.-H.; Wagner, R. W.; O’Shea, D. F.; Boyle, P. D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 1391–1396. DOI: 10.1021/jo982015+

88. “Rational Synthesis of meso-Substituted Porphyrins Bearing One Nitrogen Heterocyclic Group,” Gryko, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 2249–2252. DOI: 10.1021/jo9918100

150. “A Scalable Synthesis of Meso-Substituted Dipyrromethanes,” Laha, J. K.; Dhanalekshmi, S.; Taniguchi, M.; Ambroise, A.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2003, 7, 799–812. DOI: 10.1021/op034083q

BODIPYs

37. “A molecular photonic wire,” Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9759–9760. DOI: 10.1021/ja00100a055

42. “Boron-dipyrromethene dyes for incorporation in synthetic multi-pigment light-harvesting arrays,” Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 1373–1380. Corrigendum: Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S. Pure Appl. Chem. 1998, 70 (8), p. i. DOI: 10.1351/pac199668071373

43. “Molecular Optoelectronic Gates,” Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S.; Seth, J.; Palaniappan, V.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3996–3997. DOI: 10.1021/ja9602657

62. “Design, Synthesis, and Photodynamics of Light-Harvesting Arrays Comprised of a Porphyrin and One, Two or Eight Boron-Dipyrrin Accessory Pigments,” Li, F.; Yang, S. I.; Ciringh, Y.; Seth, J.; Martin III, C. H.; Singh, D. L.; Kim, D.; Birge, R. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 10001–10017. DOI: 10.1021/ja9812047

103. “Design and Synthesis of Porphyrin-Based Optoelectronic Gates,” Ambroise, A.; Wagner, R. W.; Rao, P. D.; Riggs, J. A.; Hascoat, P.; Diers, J. R.; Seth, J.; Lammi, R. K.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 1023–1034. DOI: 10.1021/cm000773m

130. “Weakly Coupled Molecular Photonic Wires: Synthesis and Excited-State Energy-Transfer Dynamics,” Ambroise, A.; Kirmaier, C.; Wagner, R. W.; Loewe, R. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 3811–3826. DOI: 10.1021/jo025561i

187. “Structural Control of the Photodynamics of Boron-Dipyrrin Complexes,” Kee, H. L.; Kirmaier, C.; Yu, L.; Thamyongkit, P.; Youngblood, W. J.; Calder, M. E.; Ramos, L.; Noll, B. C.; Bocian, D. F.; Scheidt, W. R.; Birge, R. R.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 20433–20443. DOI: 10.1021/jp0525078

347. "Panchromatic chromophore–tetrapyrrole light-harvesting arrays constructed from bodipy, perylene, terrylene, porphyrin, chlorin, and bacteriochlorin building blocks," Hu, G.; Liu, R.; Alexy, E. J.; Mandal, A. K.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 8032–8052. DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ01782G

366. “Tailoring Panchromatic Absorption and Excited-State Dynamics of Tetrapyrrole–Chromophore (Bodipy, Rylene) Arrays – The Interplay of Orbital Mixing and Configuration Interaction,” Mandal, A. K.; Diers, J. R.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Hu, G.; Liu, R.; Alexy, E. J.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 17547–17564. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09548

381. “New molecular design for blue BODIPYs,” Wu, Z.; Fujita, H.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Diers, J. R.; Hood, D.; Allu, S.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F. Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2019, 43, 7233–7242. DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ01114E

Dipyrrins synthesis

42. “Boron-dipyrromethene dyes for incorporation in synthetic multi-pigment light-harvesting arrays,” Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 1373–1380. Corrigendum: Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S. Pure Appl. Chem. 1998, 70 (8), p. i. DOI: 10.1351/pac199668071373

148. “Excited-State Energy-Transfer Dynamics in Self-Assembled Triads Composed of Two Porphyrins and an Intervening Bis(dipyrrinato)metal Complex,” Yu, L.; Muthukumaran, K.; Sazanovich, I. V.; Kirmaier, C.; Hindin, E.; Diers, J. R.; Boyle, P. D.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 42, 6629–6647. DOI: 10.1021/ic034559m

158. “Structural Control of the Excited-State Dynamics of Bis(dipyrrinato)zinc Complexes: Self-Assembling Chromophores for Light-Harvesting Architectures,” Sazanovich, I. V.; Kirmaier, C.; Hindin, E.; Yu, L.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2664–2665. DOI: 10.1021/ja038763k

180. “PhotochemCAD 2. A Refined Program with Accompanying Spectral Databases for Photochemical Calculations,” Dixon, J. M.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2005, 81, 212–213. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01544.x

194. “Synthesis of dipyrrin-containing architectures,” Muthukumaran, K.; Zaidi, S. H. H.; Yu, L.; Thamyongkit, P.; Calder, M. E.; Sharada, D. S.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2005, 9, 745–759. DOI: 10.1142/S108842460500085X

201. “Synthesis of 1-Formyldipyrromethanes,” Ptaszek, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 4328–4331. DOI: 10.1021/jo060119b

202. “Synthetic Chlorins Bearing Auxochromes at the 3- and 13-Positions,” Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 4092–4102. Additions and Corrections: Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5122. DOI: 10.1021/jo060208o

382. “Self-assembly with fluorescence readout in a free base dipyrrin–polymer triggered by metal ion binding in aqueous solution,” Liu, R.; Vairaprakash, P.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2019, 43, 9711–9724. DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ01787A

394. "Crystal Structure of 1,9-Dibromo-5-phenyldipyrrin, Tetrapyrrole Synthesis Derivative and Free Base Ligand of BODIPY Building Blocks," O’Shea, D. F.; Sommer, R. D.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. X-Ray Struct. Anal. Online 2020, 36, 21–22. DOI: 10.2116/xraystruct.36.21

424. “Simple Dipyrrin Analogues of Prodigiosin for Use as Colistin Adjuvants,” Siwawannapong, K.; Nemeth, A. M.; Melander, R. J.; Rong, J.; Davis, J. R.; Taniguchi, M.; Carpenter, M. E.; Lindsey, J. S.; Melander, C. ChemMedChem 2022, e202200286. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200286

stepwise dipyrromethane synthesis

76. “Synthesis of β-substituted porphyrin building blocks and conversion to diphenylethyne-linked porphyrin dimers,” Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 6771–6784. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00339-7

81. “Rational Synthesis of Trans-Substituted Porphyrin Building Blocks Containing One Sulfur or Oxygen Atom in Place of Nitrogen at a Designated Site,” Cho, W.-S.; Kim, H.-J.; Littler, B. J.; Miller, M. A.; Lee, C.-H.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7890–7901. DOI: 10.1021/jo9909305

87. “Efficient Synthesis of Monoacyl Dipyrromethanes and Their Use in the Preparation of Sterically Unhindered trans-Porphyrins,” Rao, P. D.; Littler, B. J.; Geier, G. R., III; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 1084–1092. DOI: 10.1021/jo9915473

89. “Rational Synthesis of Meso-Substituted Chlorin Building Blocks,” Strachan, J.-P.; O’Shea, D. F.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 3160–3172. Additions and Corrections: Strachan, J.-P.; O’Shea, D. F.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 642. DOI: 10.1021/jo991942t

160. “A Tin-Complexation Strategy for Use with Diverse Acylation Methods in the Preparation of 1,9-Diacyldipyrromethanes,” Tamaru, S.-I.; Yu, L.; Youngblood, W. J.; Muthukumaran, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 765–777. DOI: 10.1021/jo035622s

173. “Boron-Complexation Strategy for Use with 1-Acyldipyrromethanes,” Muthukumaran, K.; Ptaszek, M.; Noll, B.; Scheidt, W. R.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 5354–5364. DOI: 10.1021/jo0492620

178. “9-Acylation of 1-Acyldipyrromethanes Containing a Dialkylboron Mask for the α-Acylpyrrole Motif,” Zaidi, S. H. H.; Muthukumaran, K.; Tamaru, S.-I.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 8356–8365. DOI: 10.1021/jo048587d

188. “Imine-substituted dipyrromethanes in the synthesis of porphyrins bearing one or two meso substituents,” Taniguchi, M.; Balakumar, A.; Fan, D.; McDowell, B. E.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2005, 9, 554–574. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424605000678

193. “Alkylthio Unit as an α-Pyrrole Protecting Group for use in Dipyrromethane Synthesis,” Thamyongkit, P.; Bhise, A. D.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 903–910. DOI: 10.1021/jo051806q

201. “Synthesis of 1-Formyldipyrromethanes,” Ptaszek, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 4328–4331. DOI: 10.1021/jo060119b

202. “Synthetic Chlorins Bearing Auxochromes at the 3- and 13-Positions,” Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 4092–4102. Additions and Corrections: Laha, J. K.; Muthiah, C.; Taniguchi, M.; McDowell, B. E.; Ptaszek, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5122. DOI: 10.1021/jo060208o

208. “Masked Imidazolyl-Dipyrromethanes in the Synthesis of Imidazole-Substituted Porphyrins,” Bhaumik, J.; Yao, Z.; Borbas, K. E.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 8807–8817. DOI: 10.1021/jo061461r

260. “Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of 12-Substituted versus 13-Substituted Chlorins,” Mass, O.; Ptaszek, M.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Kee, H. L.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5276–5289. DOI: 10.1021/jo900706x

Return to top

Doctoral Research

1. “Increased Yield of a Desired Isomer by Equilibria Displacement on Binding to Silica Gel, Applied to meso-Tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)Porphyrin,” Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 5215. DOI: 10.1021/jo01313a042

2. “Synthesis of a Cofacial Porphyrin-Quinone via Entropically Favored Macropolycyclization,” Lindsey, J. S.; Mauzerall, D. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4498–4500. DOI: 10.1021/ja00380a037

3. “Excited State Porphyrin-Quinone Interactions at 10 Å Separation,” Lindsey, J. S.; Mauzerall, D. C.; Linschitz, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6528–6529. DOI: 10.1021/ja00359a049

6. “Synthesis of Tetraphenylporphyrins Under Very Mild Conditions,” Lindsey, J. S.; Hsu, H. C.; Schreiman, I. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4969–4970. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)85109-6

11. “Photophysics of a Cofacial Zinc Porphyrin-Quinone Cage Molecule and Related Compounds: Fluorescence Properties, Flash Transients, and Electron-Transfer Reactions,” Lindsey, J. S.; Delaney, J. K.; Mauzerall, D. C.; Linschitz, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 3610–3621. DOI: 10.1021/ja00219a041

456. “A Life in Light – In Honor of David Mauzerall on his 95th Birthday,” Lindsey, J. S. Photosynth. Res. 2024, 161, 233–248. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01105-6

Return to top

Electronic communication between pigments

36. “Investigation of Electronic Communication in Multi-Porphyrin Light-Harvesting Arrays,” Seth, J.; Palaniappan, V.; Johnson, T. E.; Prathapan, S.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10578–10592. DOI: 10.1021/ja00102a027

47. “Soluble Synthetic Multiporphyrin Arrays. 3. Static Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Probes of Electronic Communication,” Seth, J.; Palaniappan, V.; Wagner, R. W.; Johnson, T. E.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11194–11207. DOI: 10.1021/ja9616138

55. “Effects of Orbital Ordering on Electronic Communication in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Strachan, J.-P.; Gentemann, S.; Seth, J.; Kalsbeck, W. A.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11191–11201. DOI: 10.1021/ja971678q

57. “Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrachlorodiarylethyne-Linked Porphyrin Dimers. Effects of Linker Architecture on Intradimer Electronic Communication,” Strachan, J.-P.; Gentemann, S.; Seth, J.; Kalsbeck, W. A.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1191–1201. DOI: 10.1021/ic970967c

64. “Excited-State Energy Transfer and Ground-State Hole/Electron Hopping in p-Phenylene-Linked Porphyrin Dimers,” Yang, S. I.; Lammi, R. K.; Seth, J.; Riggs, J. A.; Arai, T.; Kim, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 9426–9436. DOI: 10.1021/jp982729o

69. “Interplay of Orbital Tuning and Linker Location in Controlling Electronic Communication in Porphyrin Arrays,” Yang, S. I.; Seth, J.; Balasubramanian, T.; Kim, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4008–4018. DOI: 10.1021/ja9842060

79. “Template-Directed Synthesis, Excited-State Photodynamics, and Electronic Communication in a Hexameric Wheel of Porphyrins,” Li, J.; Ambroise, A.; Yang, S. I.; Diers, J. R.; Seth, J.; Wack, C. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 8927–8940. DOI: 10.1021/ja991730d

91. “Structural Control of Photoinduced Energy Transfer Between Adjacent and Distant Sites in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Lammi, R. K.; Ambroise, A.; Balasubramanian, T.; Wagner, R. W.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7579–7591. DOI: 10.1021/ja001031x

102. “Mechanisms of Excited-State Energy-Transfer Gating in Linear versus Branched Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Lammi, R. K.; Wagner, R. W.; Ambroise, A.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 5341–5352. DOI: 10.1021/jp010857y

116. “Quenching of porphyrin excited states by adjacent or distant porphyrin cation radicals in molecular arrays,” Lammi, R. K.; Ambroise, A.; Wagner, R. W.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 341, 35–44. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00452-3

122. “Synthesis and Properties of Weakly Coupled Dendrimeric Multiporphyrin Light-Harvesting Arrays and Hole-Storage Reservoirs,” del Rosario Benites, M.; Johnson, T. E.; Weghorn, S.; Yu, L.; Rao, P. D.; Diers, J. R.; Yang, S. I.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 65–80. DOI: 10.1039/B105108N

123. “Probing Electronic Communication in Covalently Linked Multiporphyrin Arrays. A Guide to the Rational Design of Molecular Photonic Devices,” Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 57–69. DOI: 10.1021/ar970264z

126. “Design and synthesis of light-harvesting rods for intrinsic rectification of the migration of excited-state energy and ground-state holes,” Loewe, R. S.; Lammi, R. K.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 1530–1552. DOI: 10.1039/b108168c

217. “Meso-¹³C-Labeled Porphyrins for Studies of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Thamyongkit, P.; Muresan, A. Z.; Diers, J. R.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 5207–5217. DOI: 10.1021/jo070593x

247. “Regiospecifically α-¹³C-Labeled Porphyrins for Studies of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Muresan, A. Z.; Thamyongkit, P.; Diers, J. R.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 6947–6959. (Selected as featured article) DOI: 10.1021/jo8012836

249. “Energy- and Hole-Transfer Dynamics in Oxidized Porphyrin Dyads,” Song, H.-E.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 54–63. DOI: 10.1021/jp8060637

250. “Determination of Ground-State Hole-Transfer Rates Between Identical Sites in Oxidized Multiporphyrin Arrays Using Time-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy,” Song, H.-E.; Kirmaier, C.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 15636–15648. DOI: 10.1021/ja805673m

251. “Probing Ground-State Hole Transfer Between Equivalent, Electrochemically Inaccessible States in Multiporphyrin Arrays using Time-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy,” Song, H.-E.; Taniguchi, M.; Kirmaier, C.; Diers, J. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2009, 85, 693–704. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00471.x

263. “Linker Dependence of Energy and Hole Transfer in Neutral and Oxidized Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Song, H.-E.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 16483–16493. DOI: 10.1021/jp9072558

273. “Probing the Rate of Hole Transfer in Oxidized Porphyrin Dyads Using Thallium Hyperfine Clocks,” Diers, J. R.; Taniguchi, M.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12121–12132. DOI: 10.1021/ja105082d

297. “Effects of Linker Torsional Constraints on the Rate of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Porphyrin Dyads,” Hondros, C. J.; Aravindu, K.; Diers, J. R.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 11076–11086. DOI: 10.1021/ic301613k

429. “Balancing Panchromatic Absorption and Multistep Charge Separation in a Compact Molecular Architecture,” Roy, A.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Jing, H.; Rong, J.; Diers, J. R.; Kang, H. S.; Mandal, A. K.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Taniguchi, M.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126, 9353–9365. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06040

433. “Investigation of a Bacteriochlorin-containing Pentad for Panchromatic Light-Harvesting and Charge Separation,” Jing, H.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2023, 25, 1781–1798. DOI: 10.1039/D2CP05400K

457. “Synthesis of Porphyrin Triads Chelated with Thallium(III) for Studies of Ground-State Hole/Electron Transfer,” Wang, J.; Taniguchi, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2024, 28, 515–526. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424624500524

458. “Synthesis of (Oxo)chlorin Dimers Chelated with Thallium(III),” Aravindu, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2024, 28, 527–535. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424624500524

Return to top

Energy transfer theory, FRET

55. “Effects of Orbital Ordering on Electronic Communication in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Strachan, J.-P.; Gentemann, S.; Seth, J.; Kalsbeck, W. A.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11191–11201. DOI: 10.1021/ja971678q

56. “Energy-Transfer Modeling for the Rational Design of Multiporphyrin Light-Harvesting Arrays,” Van Patten, P. G.; Shreve, A. P.; Lindsey, J. S.; Donohoe, R. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 4209–4216. DOI: 10.1021/jp972304m

91. “Structural Control of Photoinduced Energy Transfer Between Adjacent and Distant Sites in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Lammi, R. K.; Ambroise, A.; Balasubramanian, T.; Wagner, R. W.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7579–7591. DOI: 10.1021/ja001031x

146. “Comparison of Excited-State Energy Transfer in Arrays of Hydroporphyrins (Chlorins, Oxochlorins) Versus Porphyrins: Rates, Mechanisms, and Design Criteria,” Taniguchi, M.; Ra, D.; Kirmaier, C.; Hindin, E.; Schwartz, J. K.; Diers, J. R.; Knox, R. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 13461–13470. DOI: 10.1021/ja035987u

168. “Excited-State Energy Flow in Covalently Linked Multiporphyrin Arrays: The Essential Contribution of Energy Transfer between Nonadjacent Chromophores,” Hindin, E.; Forties, R. A.; Loewe, R. S.; Ambroise, A.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Knox, R. S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 12821–12832. DOI: 10.1021/jp047803j

209. “Theoretical Solar-to-Electrical Energy-Conversion Efficiencies of Perylene-Porphyrin Light-Harvesting Arrays,” Hasselman, G. M.; Watson, D. F.; Stromberg, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Meyer, G. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25430–25440. DOI: 10.1021/jp064547x

234. “Synthesis and Excited-State Photodynamics of a Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Dyad – Through-Space Versus Through-Bond Energy Transfer In Tetrapyrrole Arrays,” Muthiah, C.; Kee, H. L.; Diers, J. R.; Fan, D.; Ptaszek, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 84, 786–801. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00258.x

377. “Heuristics from Modeling of Spectral Overlap in Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET),” Qi, Q.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2019, 59, 652–667. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00753

404. "The fluorescence quantum yield parameter in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) – Meaning, misperception, and molecular design," Lindsey, J. S.; Taniguchi, M.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. Chem. Phys. Rev. 2021, 2, 011302. DOI: 10.1063/5.0041132

427. “Probing the Effects of Electronic-Vibrational Resonance on the Rate of Excited-State Energy Transfer in Bacteriochlorin Dyads,” Magdaong, N. C. M.; Jing, H.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 7906–7910.

431. “Dyads with Tunable Near-Infrared Donor–Acceptor Excited-State Energy Gaps: Molecular Design and Förster Analysis for Ultrafast Energy Transfer,” Jing, H.; Magdaong, N. C. M.; Diers, J. R.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2023, 25, 1827–1847. DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04689j

Return to top

Ferrocenes

22. “Self-assembly of molecular devices containing a ferrocene, a porphyrin, and a quinone in a triple macrocyclic architecture,” Wagner, R. W.; Brown, P. A.; Johnson, T. E.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1463–1466. DOI: 10.1039/C39910001463

52. “Investigation of the one-flask synthesis of porphyrins bearing meso-linked straps of variable length, rigidity, and redox activity,” Wagner, R. W.; Johnson, T. E.; Lindsey, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 6755–6790. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00327-X

95. “Synthesis of Thiol-Derivatized Ferrocene-Porphyrins for Studies of Multibit Information Storage,” Gryko, D. T.; Zhao, F.; Yasseri, A. A.; Roth, K. M.; Bocian, D. F.; Kuhr, W. G.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7356–7362. DOI: 10.1021/jo0004862

132. “Capacitance and Conductance Characterization of Self-Assembled Ferrocene Monolayers on Silicon Surfaces for Memory Applications,” Li, Q.; Mathur, G.; Homsi, M.; Surthi, S.; Misra, V.; Malinovskii, V.; Schweikart, K.-H.; Yu, L.; Lindsey, J. S.; Liu, Z.; Dabke, R. B.; Yasseri, A.; Bocian, D. F.; Kuhr, W. G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 1494–1496. Reprinted in Virtual J. Nanoscale Sci. Technol. August 19, 2002, 6(8). DOI: 10.1063/1.1500781

159. “Multibit Memory Using Self-assembly of Mixed Ferrocene/Porphyrin Monolayers on Silicon,” Li, Q.; Mathur, G.; Gowda, S.; Surthi, S.; Zhao, Q.; Yu, L.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F.; Misra, V. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 133–137. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200305680

Return to top

Hydrodipyrrin chemistry

89. “Rational Synthesis of Meso-Substituted Chlorin Building Blocks,” Strachan, J.-P.; O’Shea, D. F.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 3160–3172. Additions and Corrections: Strachan, J.-P.; O’Shea, D. F.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 642. DOI: 10.1021/jo991942t

120. “Synthesis of meso-Substituted Chlorins via Tetrahydrobilene-a Intermediates,” Taniguchi, M.; Ra, D.; Mo, G.; Balasubramanian, T.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 7342–7354. DOI: 10.1021/jo0104835

191. “Refined Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1,3,3-trimethyldipyrrin, a Deceptively Simple Precursor to Hydroporphyrins,” Ptaszek, M.; Bhaumik, J.; Kim, H.-J.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2005, 9, 651–659. DOI: 10.1021/op050087e

261. “Refined Syntheses of Hydrodipyrrin Precursors to Chlorin and Bacteriochlorin Building Blocks,” Krayer, M.; Balasubramanian, T.; Ruzié, C.; Ptaszek, M.; Cramer, D. L.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2009, 13, 1098–1110. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424609001406

317. "Regioselective β-Pyrrolic Bromination of Hydrodipyrrin–Dialkylboron Complexes Facilitates Access to Synthetic Models for Chlorophyll f," Liu, M.; Ptaszek, M.; Mass, O.; Minkler, D. F.; Sommer, R. D.; Bhaumik, J.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2014, 38, 1717–1730. DOI: 10.1039/C3NJ01508D

361. “Synthesis of tailored hydrodipyrrins and examination in directed routes to bacteriochlorins and tetradehydrocorrins,” Zhang, S.; Reddy, M. N.; Mass, O.; Kim, H.-J.; Hu, G.; Lindsey, J. S. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 11170–11189. DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ01892D

392. "Asymmetric Synthesis of a Bacteriochlorophyll Model Compound Containing trans-Dialkyl Substituents in Ring D," Chau Nguyen, K.; Wang, P.; Sommer, R. D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 85, 6605–6619. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00608

414. “Synthesis of AD-Dihydrodipyrrins Equipped with Latent Substituents of Native Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls,” Wang, P.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 11794–11811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01239

423. “Synthesis and Properties of Metalated Tetradehydrocorrins,” Sun, R.; Liu, M.; Wang, P.; Qin, Y.; Schnedermann, C.; Maher, A. G.; Zheng, S.-L.; Liu, S.; Chen, B.; Zhang, S.; Dogutan, D. K.; Lindsey, J. S.; Nocera, D. G. Inorg. Chem. 2022, 12308–12317. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01642

425. “Dihydrooxazine Byproduct of a McMurry-Melton Reaction En Route to a Synthetic Bacteriochlorin,” Tran, V.-P.; Matsumoto, N.; Nalaoh, P.; Jing, H.; Chen, C.-Y.; Lindsey, J. S. Organics 2022, 3, 262–274. DOI: 10.3390/org3030019

440. “Bacteriochlorin Syntheses – Status, Problems, and Exploration,” Tran, V.-P.; Wang, P.; Matsumoto, N.; Liu, S.; Jing, H.; Nalaoh, P.; Chau Nguyen, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2023, 27, 1502–1551. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424623501171

Return to top

Isotopes

9. “Spin Density Distributions in meso-Alkyl/Aryl Hybrid Porphyrin Cation Radicals,” Atamian, M.; Wagner, R. W.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 1510–1512. DOI: 10.1021/ic00281a040

15. “Resonance Raman Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Reduced Porphyrins. I. Zinc(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Anion,” Atamian, M.; Donohoe, R. J.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 2236–2243. DOI: 10.1021/j100343a012

217. “Meso-¹³C-Labeled Porphyrins for Studies of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays,” Thamyongkit, P.; Muresan, A. Z.; Diers, J. R.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 5207–5217. DOI: 10.1021/jo070593x

222. “Characterization of Porphyrin Surface Orientation in Monolayers on Au(111) and Si(100) Using Spectroscopically Labeled Molecules,” Jiao, J.; Thamyongkit, P.; Schmidt, I.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 12693–12704. 10.1021/jp073824c

271. “Probing the Rate of Hole Transfer in Oxidized Synthetic Chlorin Dyads via Site-Specific ¹³C-Labeling,” Nieves-Bernier, E. J.; Taniguchi, M.; Diers, J. R.; Holten, D.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 3193–3202. (Selected as featured article) DOI: 10.1021/jo100527h

313. "Synthesis of 24 Bacteriochlorin Isotopologues, Each Containing a Symmetrical Pair of 13C or 15N Atoms in the Inner Core of the Macrocycle," Chen, C.-Y.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 1001–1016. DOI: 10.1021/jo402488n

320. "NMR Spectral Properties of 16 Synthetic Bacteriochlorins with Site-Specific 13C or 15N Substitution," Chen, C.-Y.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2014, 18, 433–456. (Cover art for the issue containing paper 320) DOI: 10.1142/S1088424614500199

322. "Vibronic Characteristics and Spin-Density Distributions in Bacteriochlorins as Revealed by Spectroscopic Studies of 16 Isotopologues. Implications for Energy- and Electron-Transfer in Natural Photosynthesis and Artificial Solar-Energy Conversion," Diers, J. R.; Tang, Q.; Hondros, C. J.; Chen, C.-Y.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bocian, D. F. J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 7520–7532. DOI: 10.1021/jp504286w

421. “De Novo Synthesis of Bacteriochlorins Bearing Four Trideuteriomethyl Groups,” Jing, H.; Tang, Q.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. Organics 2022, 3, 22–37. DOI: 10.3390/org3010002

Return to top

Light-Harvesting

Biohybrids

286. "Biohybrid Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes for Enhanced Light-Harvesting," Springer, J. W.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Reddy, K. R.; Krayer, M.; Jiao, J.; Lee, G. M.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Harris, M. A.; Kirmaier, C.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Loach, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 4589–4599. DOI: 10.1021/ja207390y

303. "Palette of Lipophilic Bioconjugatable Bacteriochlorins for Construction of Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures," Reddy, K. R.; Jiang, J.; Krayer, M.; Harris, M. A.; Springer, J. W.; Yang, E.; Jiao, J.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Pandithavidana, D.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Kirmaier, C.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2036–2053. DOI: 10.1039/C3SC22317E

310. "Integration of Multiple Chromophores with Native Photosynthetic Antennas to Enhance Solar Energy Capture and Delivery," Harris, M. A.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Springer, J. W.; Jiang, J.; Martin, E. C.; Qian, P.; Jiao, J.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Olsen, J. D.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Hunter, C. N.; Lindsey, J. S.; Loach, P. A. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 3924–3933. DOI: 10.1039/C3SC51518D

312. "Hydrophilic Tetracarboxy Bacteriochlorins for Photonics Applications," Jiang, J.; Vairaprakash, P.; Reddy, K. R.; Sahin, T.; Pavan, M. P.; Lubian, E.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014, 12, 86–103. DOI: 10.1039/C3OB41791C

316. "Versatile Design of Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures to Tune Location, Density and Spectral Coverage of Attached Synthetic Chromophores for Enhanced Energy Capture," Harris, M. A.; Jiang, J.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Jiao, J.; Taniguchi, M.; Kirmaier, C.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D.; Parkes-Loach, P. S. Photosyn. Res. 2014, 121, 35–48. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9993-8

319. "Amphiphilic, Hydrophilic, or Hydrophobic Synthetic Bacteriochlorins in Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures. Consideration of Molecular Designs," Jiang, J.; Reddy, K. R.; Pavan, M. P.; Lubian, E.; Harris, M. A.; Jiao, J.; Kirmaier, C.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photosyn. Res. 2014, 122, 187–202. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0021-9

323. "Enhanced Light-harvesting Capacity by Micellar Assembly of Free Accessory Chromophores and LH1-like Antennas," Harris, M. A.; Sahin, T.; Jiang, J.; Vairaprakash, P.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. Photochem. Photobiol. 2014, 90, 1264–1276. DOI: 10.1111/php.12319

353. “Multi-step excitation energy transfer engineering in genetic fusions of natural and synthetic light-harvesting proteins,” Mancini, J. A.; Kodali, G.; Jiang, J.; Reddy, K. R.; Lindsey, J. S.; Bryant, D. A.; Dutton, P. L.; Moser, C. C. J. R. Soc. Interface 2017, 14, 20160896. DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0896

367. “Expanding Covalent Attachment Sites of Nonnative Chromophores to Encompass the C-Terminal Hydrophilic Domain in Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Architectures,” Hood, D.; Sahin, T.; Parkes-Loach, P. S.; Jiao, J.; Harris, M. A.; Dilbeck, P.; Niedzwiedzki, D. M.; Kirmaier, C.; Loach, P. A.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. ChemPhotoChem 2018, 2, 300–303. DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700182

Combinatorics

305. "Enumeration of Virtual Libraries of Combinatorial Modular Macrocyclic (Bracelet, Necklace) Architectures and their Linear Counterparts," Taniguchi, M.; Du, H.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2013, 53, 2203–2216. DOI: 10.1021/ci400175f

314. "Statistical Considerations on the Formation of Circular Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris," Taniguchi, M.; Henry, S.; Cogdell, R. J.; Lindsey, J. S. Photosyn. Res. 2014, 121, 49–60. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9975-x

Cyanine dyes

18. “Visible Light-Harvesting in Covalently-Linked Porphyrin-Cyanine Dyes,” Lindsey, J. S.; Brown, P. A.; Siesel, D. A. Tetrahedron 1989, 45, 4845–4866. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85156-5

377. “Heuristics from Modeling of Spectral Overlap in Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET),” Qi, Q.; Taniguchi, M.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2019, 59, 652–667. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00753

Cyclic hexamers

79. “Template-Directed Synthesis, Excited-State Photodynamics, and Electronic Communication in a Hexameric Wheel of Porphyrins,” Li, J.; Ambroise, A.; Yang, S. I.; Diers, J. R.; Seth, J.; Wack, C. R.; Bocian, D. F.; Holten, D.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 8927–8940. DOI: 10.1021/ja991730d

100. “A Self-Assembled Light-Harvesting Array of Seven Porphyrins in a Wheel and Spoke Architecture,” Ambroise, A.; Li, J.; Yu, L.; Lindsey, J. S. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2563–2566. DOI: 10.1021/ol006036d

124. “Rational Syntheses of Cyclic Hexameric Porphyrin Arrays for Studies of Self-Assembling Light-Harvesting Systems,” Yu, L.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 7402–7419. DOI: 10.1021/jo010742q

149. “Synthesis of Cyclic Hexameric Porphyrin Arrays. Anchors for Surface Immobilization and Columnar Self-Assembly,” Tomizaki, K.-y.; Yu, L.; Wei, L.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 8199–8207. DOI: 10.1021/jo034861c

169. “Structural Characterization of Modular Supramolecular Architectures in Solution,” Tiede, D. M.; Zhang, R.; Chen, L. X.; Yu, L.; Lindsey, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 14054–14062. DOI: 10.1021/ja048209q

206. “Mechanisms, Pathways, and Dynamics of Excited-State Energy Flow in Self-Assembled Wheel-and-Spoke Light-Harvesting Architectures,” Song, H.-E.; Kirmaier, C.; Schwartz, J. K.; Hindin, E.; Yu, L.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 19121–19130. DOI: 10.1021/jp064000i

207. “Effects of Multiple Pathways on Excited-State Energy Flow in Self-Assembled Wheel-and-Spoke Light-Harvesting Architectures,” Song, H.-E.; Kirmaier, C.; Schwartz, J. K.; Hindin, E.; Yu, L.; Bocian, D. F.; Lindsey, J. S.; Holten, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 19131–19139. DOI: 10.1021/jp064001a

253. “Solution-State Conformational Ensemble of a Hexameric Porphyrin Array Characterized Using Molecular Dynamics and X-ray Scattering,” Mardis, K. L.; Sutton, H. M.; Zuo, X.; Lindsey, J. S.; Tiede, D. M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 2516–2523. DOI: 10.1021/jp808318x