1. Abstraction—a generality; an idea or thought separated from concrete reality
2. Achtung—German for attention
3. Aden–Former Middle Eastern British colony, now part of Yemen.
4. Aryan–In Nazi ideology, the pure, superior Germanic race.
5. Annihilate—destroy completely, exterminate
6. Apathy—lack of interest or emotion, indifference
7. Appeasing—satisfying; relieving
8. Barometer—literally, an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure; an indicator of change
9. Bestial (beastial)—like a beast; cruel and savage
10. Billeted—lodged; used to refer to temporary lodging of military personnel in private homes or other private establishments
11. Benediction—a formal blessing; act of calling upon God during a religious service
12. Blandishment—flattering remarks that are meant to be persuasive
13. Boche or Bosche–WWI derogatory French slang for a German, usually a soldier.
14. Cabbala–Jewish mysticism, including numerology.
15. Captivity of Babylon—the period from 597 B.C. to 538 B.C. during which Jerusalem was conquered by King Nebuchadnezzar and the Jewish people were sent into captivity in Babylon
16. Cavalry—literally, the place near Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified; here, used metaphorically to mean an experience of intense agony or grief
17. Charnel house–A building used to house corpses and bones.
18. Compulsory—required; that which must be done
19. Compatriots—fellow countrymen
20. Concentration Camp–Camps that were primarily used for slave labor, holding camps or transit camps.
21. Constraint—restriction, especially of feelings and behaviors
22. Countenance—face or features of the face
23. Crematory—Furnaces or ovens built to cremate the remains of the Jewish prisoners who died in the camps. Found primarily at the death camps, but could be found at the bigger concentration camps.
24. Crucible—container or vessel made of a substance that can withstand extreme heat; a severe trial or test
25. Death Camp–Camps dedicated to the efficient murder of Jews and other victims (e.g. Auschwitz-Birkenau); term was also used for concentration camps where thousands died of starvation and disease.
26. Death’s Head–Skull insignia for S.S. brigades working in concentration camps.
27. Derision—scorn, ridicule
28. Destruction of the Temple–King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon captured the Jewish city of Jerusalem and destroyed the temple in 587 B.C.
29. Dysentery—intestinal inflammation causing abdominal pain and severe diarrhea; often fatal if left untreated in the very young or old or in those who are weakened by hunger or other disease
30. Edict—an official public proclamation or order issued by an authority, such as a governmental or military authority.
31. Emigration—the act of leaving one country or region to settle in another
32. Expounding—stating in detail; explaining
33. Expulsion—driving out, especially by force
34. Fascism–A system of government with centralized authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship and usually a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.
35. Final Solution— Hitler’s plan to exterminate all of (Eastern) Europe’s Jews before the end of the war; this plan supports his desire to establish the dominance of the Aryan race.
36. Functionaries—people who perform certain expected duties, especially official functions
37. Gestapo–German acronym for the German Secret State Police, part of the SS notorious for terrorism against enemies of the state.
38. Guerrillas—small groups of soldiers, often volunteers, who make surprise attacks and raids behind enemy lines
39. Ghetto–The confinement of Jews in a set-apart area of a city.
40. Gypsy–Pejorative term for Roma or Romany, an ethnic group with roots in India which suffered large losses in the Holocaust
41. Harangued—scolded, especially in a noisy and bullying way
42. Hasidism (Hasidic)–Movement of Orthodox Judaism with strong mystical and emotional elements.
43. Hermetically—in an airtight way
44. Himmler, Heinrich (1900—1945)–Head of SS and principal planner of Jews’ total extermination.
45. Hitler, Adolf (1889—1945)–Dictator of Germany, 1933—194.
46. Horthy, Admiral Miklos (1868—1957)–Regent of Hungary, 1920—1944, who was forced by the Nazis to relinquish power to the Nylias Hungarian Fascist party after Nazi invasion.
47. Implored—begged; pleaded sincerely
48. Incite—to urge to act; to provoke
49. Inconsiderable—unimportant, small
50. Indeterminate—indefinite; vague; subtle
51. Inert—motionless; lacking the ability to move or act
52. Interminable—endless or seeming to be endless
53. Job–Biblical figure who has come to symbolize suffering.
54. Kaddish–A prayer in Aramaic praising God. The mourner’s Kaddish is said for the dead.
55. Kapos–Nazi concentration camp prisoners who were given special privileges in return for supervising other prisoners on work crews; often common criminals who were notorious for their brutality toward fellow inmates
56. Knell—the sound of a bell, especially of a bell run slowly at a funeral; often used metaphorically to mean a bad omen
57. Lamentation—an expression of grief and sadness
58. Lazarus–A man described in the Books of John and Luke as having been raised from the dead by Jesus.
59. Lorries–trucks
60. Lucidity—clear-headedness; clarity; rational understanding
61. Los–German for "Go on!"
62. Maimonides (1135—1204)–Jewish rabbi, physician and philosopher. meager—of small quantity; not adequate
63. Mengele, Dr. Josef (1911—1978)–Auschwitz physician notorious for so-called medical experiments performed on inmates, especially twins and dwarves.
64. Messiah–Greek translation of Hebrew Mashiach, the anointed one.
65. Mountebanks—fakes; charlatans or tricksters
66. Musulman–German for Muslim. Camp slang for a prisoner who is too weak to walk, work, or stand, and therefore marked for death. Believed to derive from prisoner’s resemblance to a Muslim in prayer.
67. Nocturnal—of or happening during the night
68. Numerology—an occult system, built around numbers, of foretelling the future and exploring the unknown
69. Nyilas Party–Hungarian for Arrow Cross, a fascist anti-semitic party which assumed power in late 1944 and assisted the SS in deportations of Jews.
70. Oblivion—state of being completely forgotten
71. Passover–In Hebrew, Pesach. Greek word for the celebration of the exodus of Jewish people from slavery in Egypt.
72. Pentecost–In Hebrew, Shavuot, the celebration of the giving of the Torah.
73. Phylacteries–In Hebrew, tefillin. Greek word for two black leather cubes, worn during daily morning prayer which contain verses from the Torah.
74. Pillage—to loot; to rob of property
75. Premonition—a feeling that something is about to happen, especially something bad.
76. Privations—hardships; lack of necessities of everyday life
77. Rabbi–a scholar and teacher of Jewish law; the spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation.
78. Raucous—loud and rough sounding; hoarse
79. Red Army—the regular army of the former Soviet Union
80. Reprieve—a postponement of punishment; a temporary relief
81. Rosh Hashana–Jewish New Year.
82. SS–Abbreviation of Schutzstaffel (Defense Protective Units). Notorious for implementing European Jews’ extermination.
83. Sage—a person who is very wise, especially one whose great wisdom is the result of age and experience
84. Sanctity—holiness; sacredness
85. Semblance—appearance, resemblance
86. Stupefied—stunned; amazed
87. Summarily—promptly and without formality
88. Synagogue–A Jewish house of worship and study.
89. Talmud–The most important compilation of Jewish oral tradition.
90. Temple–Holiest place in Judaism, located in Jerusalem. Biblically ordained sacrifices were performed here. Built and destroyed twice.
91. Treatise—a formal article or book on a particular subject
92. Truncheons—short, thick cudgels or clubs
93. Unremittingly—constantly; without interruption
94. Vigilance—the state of watchfulness; alertness, especially to danger
95. Visionary—having the nature of a vision; unreal
96. Yellow Star–Nazis forced Jews to wear a cloth badge with Jew written in the center of a yellow 6 pointed star.
97. Yom Kippur–Day of Atonement. Holiest day of Jewish year when Jews fast and pray for forgiveness of their sins.
98. Zionism–Political movement advocating the establishment of a Jewish state.
99. Zohar–From the Hebrew meaning light or splendor. One of the major works of the Cabbala.