Your final grade is calculated based on the following weights: Tests and Projects (80%) and In-Class Work (20%). Tests and projects represent major demonstrations of learning and mastery of course content, so they carry the most weight in your grade. In-class work—including discussions, classwork, quizzes, and participation—helps build foundational skills and shows consistent engagement with the material. Both components are important for success in this class, but major assessments are the primary measure of what you've learned.