Supporting EVIDENCe

TRAIN Program Supporting EVIDENCE

Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management 2017 www.informme.org.au/Guidelines/Clinical-Guidelines-for-Stroke-Management-2017

Carr J & Shepherd R (2010) Neurological Rehabilitation. Optimizing Motor Performance. Second edition. Carr and Shepherd. Churchill Livingstone. London 2010

Seated Reach

Chari V & Kirby R (1986) Lower limb influence on sitting balance while reaching forward. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 67, 730-733.

Cordo P & Nashner L (1982) Properties of postural adjustments associated with rapid arm movements. J Neurophysiol 47: 287-302.

Dean C, Shepherd R & Adams R (1999) Sitting balance 1: trunk-arm coordination and the contribution of the lower limbs during self paced reaching in sitting. Gait and Posture. 10, 135-146.

Dean C, Shepherd R & Adams R (1999) Sitting balance 2: reach direction and thigh support affect the contribution of the lower limbs when reaching beyond arm’s length in sitting. Gait and Posture. 10, 147-153.

Dean C & Shepherd R (1997) Task related training improves the performance of seated reaching tasks after stroke. A randomised controlled trial. Stroke. 28, 722-728.

Dean C, Channon E & Hall J (2007) Sitting training early after stroke improves sitting ability and quality and carries over to standing-up but not to walking: a randomised trial. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 53, 97-102.

Sit to Stand

Arborelius U, Wretenberg P Lindberg (1992) The effects of arm rests and high seta heights on lower limb joint load and muscular activity during sitting and rising. Ergonomics 35 1377-1391.

Brunt D, Greenberg B, Wankadia S, et al (2002) The effect of foot placement on sit to stand in healthy young subjects and patients with hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83, 924-29.

Hirschfeld H, Thorstendottir M, Olsson E (1999) Coordinated ground forces exerted by buttocks and feet are adequately programmed for weight transfer during sit to stand. J Neurophysiology. 82, 3021-3029.

Janssen WG, Bussmann HB, Stam HJ (2002) Determinants of the sit-to-stand movement: a review. Phys Ther. 82, 866-79.

Khemalani M, Carr J Crosbie J & Adams R (1999) Muscle synergies and joint linkages under two initial foot positions. Clinical Biomechanics. 14, 236-246

Kralj A, Jaeger R, Munih M J (1990) Analysis of standing up and sitting down in humans: definitions and normative data presentation. J Biomech. 23, 1123-38.

Roy G, Nadeau S, Gravel D, et al (2006) The effect of foot position and chair height on the asymmetry of vertical forces during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in individuals with hemiparesis. Clin Biomech. 21, 585-93.

Tully E, Fotoohabadi M & Galea (2005) Sagittal spine and lower limb movement during sit to stand in healthy young subjects. Gait and Posture. 22, 338-345.

Standing

Krishnamoorthy V, Slijper H and Latash M (2002) Effects of light touch on postural sway. Exp. Brain Research. 147: 71-79.

Sherrington C, Tiedemann A, Fairhall N, Close JCT, Lord SR. Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations. NSW Public Health Bulletin. 22 (3-4);78-83 (2011). (Available free online)

Sherrington et al (2016) Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 1–10. (Available free online)

Tyler A, Karst G (2004) Timing of muscle activity during reaching while standing: systematic changes with target distance. Gait and Posture. 20 126–133.

Winter D (1995) A.B.C (Anatomy, Biomechanics and Control) of balance during standing and walking. Waterloo Biomechanics. Ontario.

Winter D, Patla A, Ishac M and Gage W (2003) Motor mechanisms of balance during quiet standing. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 13: 49-56.

Stepping and Walking

Ada L, Dean C, Vargas J & Ennis S (2010) Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking than assisted overground walking in non- ambulatory patients early after stroke: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy 56:153-161.

Cerny K (1984) Pathomechanics of stance: clinical concepts for analysis. Physical Therapy.

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Eng J, & Tang P (2007) Gait training strategies to optimize walking ability in people with stroke: a synthesis of the evidence. [Review] [127 refs]. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 7, 1417-1436.

French B, Thomas L, Leathley M, et al (2007) Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke. [Review] [125 refs]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (4): CD006073.

Moore S, Schurr K, Wales A, Moseley A & Herbert R (1993) Observation and analysis of hemiplegic gait: swing phase. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 39: 271-278.

Moseley A, Wales A, Herbert R, Schurr K & Moore S. (1993) Observation and analysis of hemiplegic gait: stance phase. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 39: 259-267.

Neptune (2001) Contributions of individual ankle platarflexors to support forward progression and swing initiation during walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 34; 1387-

Winter D (1980) Overall principle of lower limb support during stance phase of gait. Journal of Biomechanics. 13: 923-927.

Winter D (1984) Kinematic and kinetic patterns in human gait: variability and compensating effects. Human Movement Science 3. Elselvier Science Publishers (North Holland) 51-76.

Winter D (1987) The biomechanics and motor control of human gait. Waterloo, Canada. University of Waterloo Press.