In this research we aim to enable expert control room operators to make effective and efficient critical decisions particularly while under pressure. In this research, we are mostly focusing on the energy sector but aim to ensure the research is relevant beyond energy to other control rooms.
Control room operators use a large volumne of information every minute of the day across multiple screens, applications and interfaces. As energy grids transition to renewable sources the decision-making and forecasting becomes ever more complex. Research is needed to not only improve the predictions to ensure the grid can accurately react to changes in weather and the market and maintain stability, but to innovate the way in which the data is provided in control room to reduce operator's cognitive load, particularly at critical periods. This may include redesigning interfaces, ensuring ease of collaboration, automating tasks and using AI where relevant. Importantly we must ensure that our expert operators are in-the-loop and can intervene when necessary.
Our research uses mixed-method human-centric approaches which ensures we capture data that hasn't been captured before at the same time as ensuring we listen to those who are the most experienced in the field.
The stream of research is full of rich insights across multiple years of research provided in a timeline below. This stream of energy control room research began for me in 2019. We are currently funded to mid 2027 under Stage 6: AR-PST funding by CSIRO and into 2028 via Merry's Zema PhD scholarship.
The research is scalable and is globally relevant. We seek further collaborations to expand our research and amplify the impact of our research beyond energy to all sorts of control room operations.
Partnering with AEMO (Australian Energy Market Operator) we focused on understanding congnitive load in energy control rooms. This work involved eye tracking and heart rate monitoring and surveys to gain understanding of workspace use and cognitive load.
11 Recommendations for future designs are provided in the paper grouped into 4 topic areas of: Optimize Operator Application Arrangements, Linked Views, Associations and Performance, Coordination Screens and Documents, Optimize Alarm Prioritization and Improve Association:
Many of the recommendations reported to AEMO in 2020 are seen in the Australian Control Room of the Future Research Roadmap (Topic 3) developed and published by CSIRO (Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation) in 2021 with Australia's Energy Market Operator (AEMO) and leading research institutions.
Australia’s Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Research Roadmap details the research required over 9 topics to support Australia's transition to a stable, secure and affordable power system. In 2022 funding becomes available for 'Control Room of the Future' research through the CSIRO for each topic yearly.
Stage 2 and Stage 3 for Topic 3 funded ML research for alarm priortisation (one of the recommendations of our prior research).
During the above eye tracking research analysis for the cognitive load in control room research in 2019-2020, we identified that the visualisation and visual analysis of eye tracking data for control room research is not possible with current software.
We explored the possibilities for improved visualisation and analysis and developed our own software to start to explore and analysis it. The control room became a case study to explain the reasons and visual insights in the following paper:
This work has continued into the opensource Gazealytics software for visual eye tracking analysis with a number of publications of its own.
Our project "Human-Centred Information Visualisation for Improved Situational Awareness and Critical Decision Making in Energy Control Rooms" was awarded under the CSIRO AR-PST Stage 4 funding in 2024. Unforseen contract issues meant we ended up delaying the project and merged to provide results with those who had been awarded in Stage 5.
This work focused on a human-centred approach to understand interface and application use. The control room investigations of current operations and future possibilities was carried out in partnership with AEMO. The results of the work identified 7 major painpoints, 5 design vision principles, 10 (+ 1 interim) recommendations for further work and 25 guidelines for best practice for visual data communication for control rooms.
Final report :
Paper pending publication.
Repeating a workshop designed for AEMO, we ran the same workshop for control room of the future for operators across multiple sectors at the Australian Control Room Network Association annual conference. This included breaking into tables by 15 topics (including energy transmission, water, fire and rescue, ergonimics and human factors and more).
Funded by a Zema Scholarship (AEMO), PhD student Merry Haong is focusing on innovating energy network diagrams. This continued work explores changing and morphing the network design depending on the task at hand.
The recent paper includes observations at AEMO control rooms:
This builds on Merry's prior Masters research exploring the benefit of geography in energy network diagrams.
Funded by CSIRO AR-PST Stage 6, we focus on human-centred approach to innovating and integrating information into the single line diagram.
The project merges outcomes of Stage 5 and our above work on single line diagrams to the project titled: Intelligent context-aware single-line diagrams for integrated energy control rooms for effective operator decision-making and increased situational awareness.
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As part of our on going collaboration with Monash Energy Institute, they are funding two student interns to work over the summer on an exciting project "Campus of the Future" as part of this we will be developing a virtual future control room modelled on the old "Future Control Room" we had at Monash until 2022. We will build on this early prototype for continued work to explore virtual control rooms of the future.
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