"(1)Reading difficulties have a number of causes, not all of which fall under decoding and/or listening comprehension as posited in the simple view; (2) rather than influencing reading solely independently, as conceived in the simple view, decoding and listening comprehension (or in terms more commonly used in reference to the simple view today, word recognition and language comprehension) overlap in important ways; and (3) there are many contributors to reading not named in the simple view, such as active, self-regulatory processes, that play a substantial role in reading..." (2021)

Terms & definitions about literacy and the Science of Reading from "Pedagogy Non Grata" a group of educators and researchers dedicated to increasing equity in schools by making education research more accessible to teachers.