Biology, Pre-Med
Biology
Fabry is a rare X-linked disease, caused by a mutation in the ɑ-galactosidase A (GLA) gene. An estimated 1 in 40,000-60,000 males are affected, though newer studies show higher frequencies. As an X-linked disorder it is most commonly reported in males, although it can be life threatening to females as well. Fabry is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the GLA enzyme, leading to the buildup of toxic fats in blood vessels and tissue. The buildup of GL-3 (fats) leads to progressive multi-system damage, mainly affecting the heart, kidneys, and nervous system.
Modeling Fabry in C. elegans is important in furthering the current understanding of lysosomal dysfunction, as well as Fabry disease itself. Identifying quantifiable phenotypes in C. elegans orthologous to human genes is the path this research will take to fulfil the statement above.
We thank Nour Sayed for comments and the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) for worm strains.
Ries M, Gal A. Genotype–phenotype correlation in Fabry disease. In: Mehta A, Beck M, Sunder-Plassmann G, editors. Fabry Disease: Perspectives from 5 Years of FOS. Oxford: Oxford PharmaGenesis; 2006. Chapter 34. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11584/.
All images from NIAID Visual & Medical Arts.
Communication: Communication is necessary in the lab environment, especially as an undergraduate, as much of undergraduate research is a learning experience. Communicating ideas clearly to mentors and understanding their feedback is crucial to personal growth and the success of research.
Critical thinking: Developing experiments involves thinking deeply about experimental design. Designing an experiment to quantify, for example, the growth rate of a mutated C. elegans strain requires considering all possible variables and methods for meticulously separating/tracking individual worms or generations of worms to ensure measurement accuracy.
Professionalism: Accountability and punctuality are both incredibly important for time-sensitive tasks, even for something as simple as maintaining generations of C. elegans. For example, starving worms because you didn't show up to lab can add significant delays to a given experiment.
No compliance protocols were required for this research.
Treatments for Fabry disease exist, but are very expensive and require a weekly/biweekly intravenous infusions, or oral treatments that only work for 30-50% of patients. This demonstrates the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying cell disfunction. Identifying analogous phenotypes in C. elegans is a first step towards a deeper understanding of Fabry disease.