Conclusions 

We discovered that by blocking FGFR signaling, the reprogramming of RPE cells neural retina cells is effectively inhibited. On the other hand, inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway with specific inhibitors such as U0126, PD98089, and Dasatinib does not significantly affect the ability of RPE cells to reprogram into neural retina. Moreover, we found that suppressing PI3K signaling through the application of LY2940002 also does not impede the ability of RPE cells to be reprogrammed into neural retina. These results highlight the critical role of FGFR signaling in the RPE-to-neural retina reprogramming process, whereas the MAPK and PI3K pathways seem to be less crucial for this particular cellular fate transition.