Modern Physics

AP2 Modern Physics Fall 2020.docx

Class #57

EM Radiation and Energy

Objectives:

  • Understand the Energy equation as it relates to Plank's Constant and the frequency of Electromagnetic Radiation

Reading:


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Homework:

Virtual Lab:


Zoom Recording Class #57 120320

Models of the Atom and their Development

Bohr's Model of the Atom

Higgs Boson - 2012!

Class #58

The Structure of the Atom and Fundamental Particles

Objectives:

  • Understand the components of the atom

  • Understand some history of the development of atomic models

  • Understand the meaning of an Elementary Particle and an Elementary Charge

  • Understand that neutrons and protons are not elementary charges and understand their structures

  • Understand that there are 3 types of Nuclear Decay

Reading:


Videos:

Virtual Lab:

Explore Learning Bohr Model Intro

AP2 Class #58 Bohr Model Part 1 Lab Sheet


Zoom Recording Class #58 120420


Class #60

Wave-Particle Duality - The Photoelectric Effect

Objectives:

  • Understand the Photoelectric Effect and it's impact on the understanding of light.

Reading:

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Homework:

Virtual Lab:

Zoom Recording Class #60 120820

1s1 or just 1s

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6d2 = 80 electrons

Class #66

Quantum Physics Intro

Objectives:

Understand the following about Quantum Mechanics

  • It is restricted to the subatomic realm

  • It attempts to describe the behavior of an individual electron or individual photon

  • It is based on the wave behavior of subatomic particles

  • The exact nature of this wave function remains unknown

  • Once a particle location is determined, this wave function collapses. No one knows why.

  • One Big Idea - how to delineate where a particle might be versus where it can't be

  • Another Big Idea - electrons behave like a wave until they're detected and measured, then they instantly become a particle. More Wave-Particle Duality

  • One Theory - electrons can be in two places at once

  • Another Theory: 'Entanglement' two electron waves collide and remain correlated, even over astronomical distances. So, is there something faster than the speed of light?


The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

Location or Momentum can be identified, but not both

Class #66

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

  • Electron waves are not a single sine wave, but a composite of multiple waves

  • Wave momentum is based on wavelength, therefore predicting where an electron is located leads to three options

  1. Know where the electron is, but know nothing about the momentum of the wave (the wave function has collapsed)

  2. Know the momentum of the wave, but don't know the location of the electron

  3. Don't know either the location or the momentum. This is the composite wave

Reading:

  • AP2E - Unit 9 - Probabilistic Description of Matter

Videos:


Homework:

Virtual Lab:

s Orbitals

p Orbitals

d Orbitals

f Orbitals

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers

  1. Shell

  2. Subshell

  3. Cloud or Lobe of the orbital

  4. Spin

Class #67

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers

  1. Principle Quantum Number - the electron shell

  • The value ranges from 1 to the valence shell of the element

  1. Angular Quantum Number - the subshell

  • ℓ = 0, s orbital

  • ℓ = 1, p orbital

  • ℓ = 2, d orbital

  • ℓ = 3, f orbital

  1. Orbital 'cloud' within the shell

      • s orbitals are spherical. The maximum number of electrons in an s orbital is 2.

      • p orbitals have a max of 6 electrons in a dumbbell shape

      • d orbitals have a max of 10 electrons in a 'daisy' or '4 leaf clover' shape

      • f orbitals have a max of 14 electrons in shapes that are similar to d orbitals

  2. Spin

      • electron spin is +1/2 or -1/2, equating to Spin Up or Spin Down

Reading:

  • AP2E - Unit 9 - Probabilistic Description of Matter

Videos:


Homework:

Virtual Lab:

Beta minus decay

Beta positive decay

Classes #64

Nuclear Decay

Objectives:


Reading:

  • AP2E - Unit 9 - Probabilistic Description of Matter

Videos:


Homework:

Virtual Lab:

Explore Learning Nuclear Decay

AP2 Class #64 Nuclear Decay Lab Sheet

Zoom Recording Class #64 121420

Class #XX

Fission and Fusion

Objectives:


Reading:

  • AP2E - Unit 9 - Fission and Fusion

Videos:

Homework:

Virtual Lab: