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16.1 Sponteneity
Distinguish between spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes
Describe the dispersal of matter and energy that accompanies certain spontaneous processes
Resources: Course video, "16.1-16.2 Spontaneous processes"
Practice: chapter 16 problems 3, 5.
16.2 Entropy
Define entropy
Explain the relationship between entropy and the number of microstates
Predict the sign of the entropy change for chemical and physical processes
Resources: Course video, "16.1-16.2 Spontaneous processes"
Practice: chapter 16 problems 7, 9, 13, 15, 17.
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
State and explain the second and third laws of thermodynamics
Calculate entropy changes for phase transitions and chemical reactions under standard conditions
Resources: Course videos, "Spontaneity" and "16.3 Second and Third Law"
Practice: chapter 16 problems 21, 23, 27, 29.
16.4 Free Energy
Define Gibbs free energy, and describe its relation to spontaneity
Calculate free energy change for a process using free energies of formation for its reactants and products
Calculate free energy change for a process using enthalpies of formation and the entropies for its reactants and products
Explain how temperature affects the spontaneity of some processes
Relate standard free energy changes to equilibrium constants
Resources: Course video, "dG and Spontaneity"
Practice: chapter 16 problems 31, 33, 37, 43, 47, 51, 60, 62, 64
Unit Resources
Videos for this unit are available on the unit 3 video page.
A note on the Practice problems: The more of the exercises you do, the better you will do on the exams. The problems I have suggested for practice are an absolute minimum, and proficiency with these problems should indicate at least a C level understanding of the material.
Unit Overview
The property of "entropy" allows us to predict whether a process is spontaneous or not.
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