Raising Critical Consciousness

Jennifer Malkowski: Rhetoric and Communication Studies

setting

I have been teaching CMST 350: Foundations of Rhetorical Communication Theories & Practices for six years now. It is a required course for all Communication Studies majors intended to introduce them to the origin of our discipline. Across institutions, textbooks, and lore, the Discipline of Rhetoric began in Ancient Greece amidst a cast of familiar characters: Socrates, Aristotle, Plato.

That origin story is cringingly and conveniently exclusionary, incomplete, and myopic. Nonetheless, those attributes have shaped the trajectory of the discipline in terms of what counts as knowledge, what types of questions are worth pursuing, and who gets to participate in scholarship, politics, etc. In 2019, as a discipline, Rhetoric started to grapple with these realities, to the demise of some big names, big egos, and the dismantling of some important organizations and paradigms.

I’ve known that the history of rhetoric has been incomplete and problematic for some time; I myself as a female, first generation college student felt left out from the start. And yet, semester after semester, I continue to teach “The History of Rhetoric” in well worn, predictable, and privileged ways. In no small part me repeating this pattern has been because the task of overhauling a whole history felt overwhelming and arrogant: if well-established scholars in the field can’t figure a better way, what makes me think I can?

This FLC helped to confirm my concerns and provided some space and tools for starting to implement changes in my course. Perhaps beyond any specific skill or tool or panacea, participation in this FLC encouraged me to start small and emboldened me to try something. This ‘small’ and ‘something’ combo counters the “all or nothing” sentiment that, I think, is what has inhibited me from tackling the inequity that is embedded in my discipline and, subsequently, my course.

Successes and Challenges

What resources, policies, and co-conspirators do you believe are already available to support your plan?

I definitely feel like I can turn to this FLC for support and resources. And through my experience with this group, I was also reminded that many of my co-conspirators, friends, and/or colleagues can be found in and through written ideas. Here I mean that I feel reminded that reading about these sorts of issues and prioritizing time to think about and through issues that arise is important, valuable work that is central to my job, not an addition to my job. If/when I need a reminder that reading or thinking about these things is not indulgent and selfish but, instead, responsible and important I plan to reach out to my in department colleague, Nick Burk, who also completed this FLC.

What challenges do you anticipate?

Honestly, the biggest challenge I anticipate is my own discomfort with regard to the uncertainty that comes with not being able to tell students exactly what I want them to do and what they should learn and takeaway from the course. After this FLC, while preparing my materials for this semester, I was (in a great way!) made to feel uncomfortable with just how much of ME and MY needs were written into each assignment description and activity design, and really how much those needs that I call my own were shaped and authored by a tradition that didn’t have my best interests at heart. I was born and raised in New York and am an anxious individual. This combination means, most of the time, I talk a lot. I talk to reduce uncertainty. I talk to ensure others understand my intentions. Etc. My biggest challenge to implementing this approach will be to open up space and time for students to get in the driver seat and decide where we are headed. (And then, of course, figuring out how to merry that model with the requirements of a higher education infrastructure that still very much reflects the inequitable conditions I hope to challenge and revise in my course.)

IMPLEMENTATION

Describe the equity strategy that you plan to implement into your course. What is it? How is it intended to work?

This semester I have decided to try a few things to start me on my journey of a full course revision. Refer to the table below for the details of this redesign.

What is needed in terms of planning and resources?

For the last few weeks, I have been reaching out to friends and colleagues to gather a bunch of different syllabi to cultivate a list of examples for what/how my students might elect to demonstrate their learning at the midpoint and end of our semester. I also intend to continue to read about best practices for how to branch structure/certainty with freedom/openness when it comes to course design. In kind of meta ways, an indictment of the Rhetorical Tradition could be conceived as an indictment of higher education wherein certain modes of knowing and being have been validated and replicated precisely because of our commitment to the Ancient Greek origin story. I want to be careful to help my students feel supported and like I have a plan and that we can move forward in stable, reasonable ways, while also upending many of their current understandings of why and how they came to be a college student. Managing this tension effectively will require that I continue to read about pedagogical approaches that relinquish control and challenge the “sage on the stage” model that I have been apprenticed into.

What is your rationale for choosing and implementing this strategy?

I have elected to start with these two changes because they are curriculum based and so I feel like I have a good opportunity to shape messaging around how and why I’m implementing these changes and then based on what the students produce I can begin to snowball the outcomes into bigger, more permanent curricular changes. In essence, this two-part approach will allow me to simultaneously build from where “they” are and make use of my student’s varied experiences and perspectives.

Resources & NEXT STEPS

I plan to solicit student feedback and reflections at multiple points during the semester. I will know if I am successful if/when students craft projects and responses that clearly bridge course content with specific things that are personally and uniquely meaningful to each student. I will also measure my success in terms of how much and how well students can articulate their own “why” when it comes to making decisions about the design of their midterm and final assignments.

Below is a short list of references that lend some context to the specific debates happening in/for the discipline of Rhetoric. For affiliates of the field, these references provide an archive of a moment of rupture, awakening, and an exploration of what reparation can/should look like if we agree that equity and accountability are worthy goals. For non-rhetoricians, this collection could provide a nice case study to ask questions about the politics and consequences of authoring history and knowledge.

Flores, L. A. (2016). Between abundance and marginalization: the imperative of racial rhetorical criticism. Review of Communication, 16(1), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15358593.2016.1183871

Wanzer-Serrano, D., Sowards, S. K., Pham, V. N., Asante, G. A., & Na’puti, T. R. (2019). Rhetoric’s “Distinguished” pitfalls: A plática. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 105(4), 502–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2019.1669901

Wanzer-Serrano, D. (2019). Rhetoric’s rac(e/ist) problems. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 105(4), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2019.1669068

Sowards, S. K. (2019). #RhetoricSoEnglishOnly: Decolonizing rhetorical studies through multilingualism. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 105(4), 477–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2019.1669891

Pham, V. N. (2019). The threat of #RhetoricNotSoWhite. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 105(4), 489–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2019.1669894

Agyeman Asante G. #RhetoricSoWhite and US centered: Reflections on challenges and opportunities. Quarterly Journal of Speech. 2019;105(4):484-488. doi:10.1080/00335630.2019.1669892

Na’puti, T. R. (2019). Speaking of indigeneity: Navigating genealogies against erasure and #RhetoricSoWhite. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 105(4), 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2019.1669895

Cushman, E., Jackson, R., Nichols, A. L., Rivard, C., Moulder, A., Murdock, C., Grant, D. M., & Adams, H. B. (2019). Decolonizing Projects: Creating Pluriversal Possibilities in Rhetoric. Rhetoric Review, 38(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350198.2019.1549402