CAGD 374W: Interactive Storytelling in Video Games

Course Background

CAGD 374W Interactive Storytelling in Video Games (Course Syllabus) is a course inspired by student interest and fueled by further examination into the medium of storytelling in video games. Computer Animation & Game Development (CAGD) is comprised of available Options within the Major. This course transpired with a goal of attracting students from each of the available Options and creating a space in which to explore story and it's intent, purpose, and development in the video game universe. This course requires previous pre-production experience in CAGD and provides an outlet for story within the gaming medium with a clear look into the challenges, collaboration, limitations, and sensitivity to player experience necessary for story in an interactive video game environment.

Person using an Xbox game controller to play a video game.

Course Description

This course examines video games as a storytelling medium, investigating how interactive storytelling, incorporating rich characters and stories that incite an immersive experience, requires approaches to writing that may be linear or nonlinear. Students will delve into the evolution of narrative in video games along with the iterative process of writing for video games and examine the critical component of a unified experience between writer and level designer. Students will engage in the elements of narrative for video games through investigation, analysis, and design.

This course is currently an upper division elective with a writing (W) designation, for minors and majors in the Computer Animation & Game Development Program.

Screen omitting various icon images.

Course Modality

Interactive Storytelling in Video Games is a course that is offered asynchronously in an entirely internet-based teaching platform. An introductory video is available for students to view a walkthrough of the course structure, organization, and provide an explanation of course expectations. Learning modules are accessible at the beginning of each week, consisting of lectures, resources, materials, instructions and assignments. All required tasks must be completed by a standing deadline each week. Discussion posts are a core component of the course, enabling both the students and instructor to share, view and critique work-in-progress and/or finalized product. Communication between instructor and students is encouraged through announcements both at the beginning and end of each week along with email, chat, video, and voice alternatives. Other suggested communication applications are encouraged for students to engage in questions and comments amongst themselves, regarding the current material.


A google search layout on a screen.

Course Design Components

This course is structured with an effort toward simplicity of navigation complemented with an attempt at articulate and consistent communication with students while providing access to material and resources that assist each course topic. The layout of the course content, visually, is presented with a Welcome/Course Content page that provides introductory elements necessary for understanding the layout and expectations of the course. After viewing an introductory video, students should attain a comfortable understanding of how to navigate the online learning platform. A Weekly Materials link is available and contains all Weekly Learning Modules necessary to review and complete tasks each week. Additional necessary links include: Video/CC/Transcript (Media Gallery), Discussion Board, Office Hours, Announcement, Email, and My Grades.

A Zoom call, with 9 callers, having a meeting.

Video/CC/Transcript (Media Gallery)

The Media Gallery may often be an elusive area of the online learning platform, hence the creation of a link with a name that is specific to the destination. The Video/CC/Transcript link navigates students to a collection of videos that contain both closed captions and transcripts for videos which are either recorded directly through Kaltura or created with other video capture applications and subsequently uploaded.

Engagement

Discussion posts are utilized as a primary source of student engagement. Forums are created with instructions, including a brief summary, prompt, submission guidelines and quick reminders. Students create threads (posts) in forums enabling the sharing of both draft and final work. Posts are often followed up with peer and/or instructor critique, to provide for constructive criticism and opportunity for improvement as their assignments/projects develop. The ability to share creative work and receive constructive criticism is a cornerstone to continued improvement upon skill, communication and collaboration in the video game and animation industries. With the creation of forums and discussion posts, students are connected to other students and allow for a single space in which the instructor may communicate with all students in the class. The activities highlighted below are examples of visually inspired discussion posts from the course.

Chart about activities for the course.

Activity (Plot Points)

Brief Summary: A theme or even multiple themes may be present in a story/narrative. Be sure that themes are relevant and applicable to character and narrative growth. Plot is the motivation needed to initially incite interest in a story and is often hinted at in the premise. The plot points help to support the plot and create points in the story where the plot is reinforced and evolution of the narrative is established. The supporting events should support the plot points and, in the case of video game, be meaningful, providing interactive challenges and rewards for the character/player.

An annotated map.

Activity (Annotated Map)

Brief Summary: Narrative devices assist in guiding the player through the story, scene, and game structure. They serve to inform, reveal, encourage and challenge the player. Narrative devices may take many forms among which are textual elements such as narrative and NPC (Non-Player Character) conversations along with pictures, recordings, newspaper clippings, and journals. They can also be represented in the mood, tone and culture of the environment, including terrain and architectural components. Symbolism may often be recognized in setting and serve as a narrative device as well as props, assets, and resources that may be either interactive or static. All of the components in the scene inform the story and function with the game structure while simultaneously influencing and contributing to the player experience.

Basics of storytelling story structure.

Activity (Story Structure)

Brief Summary: It's important to understand elements of level design in the game design process and how narrative design may be intertwined and weaved throughout the game structure. Environment, setting, terrain, and the boundaries and structure of the story/game world, are crucial to the environmental storytelling process. Now that you have a basic organization of story structure, plot, events leading up to those plots, and various settings in which the player may interact with the story and game structure, let's look further into the layout of the world in which the player will interact.

Course Expectations and Assessment

On the Blackboard Welcome/Course Content page, a brief course overview is provided, with a clarification of tips and suggestions for success in the course. This information is delivered in conjunction with the syllabus which maintains a list of Course Learning Outcomes (CLO) and Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) which support the Program Learning Outcomes (PLO). An overview of the contents of the syllabus is covered in the Course Introduction video, however, there is no guarantee that the students will watch the video or read the syllabus. Unfortunately, this may occur more often in asynchronous course delivery. In an effort to allow multiple avenues for preparation and understanding of expected outcomes, rubrics are also utilized with most, if not all, assignments, including discussion posts. Weekly announcement videos communicating instructions and expectations as they pertain to the week's tasks, along with deadline reminders, are also delivered.

Speedometer for high and low expectations set to high.

Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):

Throughout this course, the student will:

  1. Explore the evolution of interactive storytelling and narrative in video games

  2. Understand the differences between and components of linear vs. non-linear storytelling in video games

  3. Conceive a protagonist and antagonist to encourage connection and interest between the character and player

  4. Create a story for video game utilizing linear or non-linear storytelling

  5. Demonstrate the use of dialogue as it pertains to narrative devices to provide exposition and supporting narrative information for the player to discover

  6. Understand and participate in the iterative process of pre-production for video game as it pertains to interactive storytelling including: idea generation, story structure, plot summary/story outline, environmental storytelling, character creation, dialogue, and script all existing within the confines and limitations of the universe to be created in the game engine

  7. Develop an understanding of how the writer and level designer work together to create a unified and collaborative experience.

  8. Provide constructive criticism and participate in diverse opinions on components of the storytelling process

Student Learning Outcomes (SLO):

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to...

  1. Discuss concepts, analyze, and practice storytelling methods as they pertain to interactive engagement in a video game environment, providing evidence and citations for support as needed

  2. Implement story structure (3-act) comprised of events and plot points with the intention of integration into a video game environment

  3. Create a plot summary/outline and script for the construction of an interactive and narrative-focused video game

  4. Comprehend and incorporate narrative devices in both written and visual form as they apply to the video game genre and the diverse storytelling techniques explored within

  5. Provide constructive feedback and apply suggestions for revisions on preliminary works

  6. Scrutinize grammar, spelling, punctuation and formatting as it applies to given discipline specific considerations

Weighted Grading

When applying weighted grading, the total points overall are not the basis by which grades are calculated. It is the weight of those points as they pertain to a particular category that maintains the greatest value. The designated categories should add up to 100 and are weighted based on value.

Course point breakdown.

Student Engagement & Feedback

Each assignment in the course is designed to encourage research, analysis, and practice in writing for video games which presents many challenges among which are: varying genre, character creation, establishing goals, objectives, motivation, resulting dilemmas, emotional controversy and conflict. Appropriate pacing, environmental and geographical conditions, mood, tone and the story architecture in which these components thrive are all relevant to engagement with the player as a core participant in the game playing experience. A final project represents the culminating effort of the previous assignments and results in the creation of a plot summary/story outline and script which incorporates story and includes established gameplay direction/components.

The Sample rubric provided contains several rows of assessment criteria. Not every rubric is quite so detailed, however, the rubric is created for a final project and the outcome serves to communicate the grade point distribution as well. The rubric is attached to the assignment and viewable for students to review and prepare for how their work will be assessed based on the detailed categories. Further comments may be stated in each of the categories if further clarification is necessary.

Challenges

Walk first then run. There are many steps comprising content creation and delivery. The process is not individual, but represents a collaborative effort of diverse mindsets and experiences, time, patience, and a willingness to explore alternatives. Many skills, tools, and resources are available, encompassing interactive platforms and a plethora of modalities in which to research and deliver content, connect, and communicate. This course was not built in a day and the virtual delivery of the content is certainly not complete in the metamorphosis it must surely endure as development persists in an iterative process. As iteration progresses, collaboration, communication, research and deployment of strategies, along with awareness of accessibility and varied teaching strategies are necessary and constructive.

Cartoon hanging lightbulbs that look like brains, "Creative Teamwork."

Collaborate

Challenges of asynchronous online delivery emphasize attention to collaboration and discussion, consisting of peers, campus resources, research, availability of technology-based tools, and recognition of student input and experience. Based on observation and active inquiry, strategies, effective techniques, and how they may be incorporated into this course and its content-focus, will be applied and assessed at various stages of development.

Agile sprints 1 through 3, with key words around each sprint.

Change

Change can be uncomfortable but it may also introduce opportunities for exploration and and growth and/or even the possibility of course reconstruction. This is not an easy task nor is success often achieved on the first go around. This is where iteration enters the scene. It all starts with an idea --> plan --> design --> deliver --> test --> deploy --> review results and then the process repeats until a viable path presents itself.

Assignments in this course represent building blocks to a final deliverable which encompasses a product that allows students to demonstrate creativity, skill, and understanding of the material. Communication, including valuable feedback, subtle nudges of expectation and encouragement, reminders of accountability, and the importance of time and project management are frequently conveyed.

Feedback about course structure and ease of navigating the User Interface (UI), clarity of instructions and feedback, communication, engagement, and student success in the course, are consistently observed and considered to serve as the catalyst for curricular adjustments.

Video game graphics with "Video Game."

Commence

When enrolled in Interactive Storytelling in Video Games, students are provided the opportunity to engage in numerous writing activities meant to inform and encourage creative ideas while exploring the connection between story, video game, and the player. The relevancy and purpose of choices, player agency, and narrative are examined and practiced.

Following, are some assignment example prompts:

  • Creating Rich Characters: What is it that your character fears most, envies, pretends to be? What do they want, crave, would kill for, sacrifice for? What is their breaking point? How are they unique? Build your characters up and tear them right back down again!

  • Choices: Research video games where a non-linear story is presented and choices are granted to the player/character at pertinent occasions and situations throughout the game. Depending on the extensive nature of the world in which the game lives and breathes I leave it to you to choose situations in which to address and expand up on for this write-up.

  • Interactive Narrative: Compare and contrast one game from the 1970s or 1980s which utilized(es) active (interactive) narrative storytelling, with a game utilizing interactive storytelling from the present or within the last 5 years. The learning module will contain some examples of these types of games to help you on your research path.